Biologi powerpoint 1

What is the smallest living structural and functional unit that comprises all organisms?

The cell.

What are the two main types of chemicals that all organisms are composed of?

Inorganic and organic compounds.

Which process is responsible for the division of cells?

Cell division.

What cell component contains genetic information that is passed on during division?

DNA.

What are the four major families of small organic molecules in cells?

Saccharides, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides.

What is the function of ribosomes?

They are the location of protein synthesis.

What is the main component of organic compounds found in cells?

Carbon atoms bonded to other elements.

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do.

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

It modifies proteins and lipids for export.

What type of fatty acids have one or more double bonds?

Unsaturated fatty acids.

What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

Aerosol respiration and ATP production.

What is catabolism in metabolic processes?

Breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler products.

In what part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

In the cytoplasm.

What enhances the solubility of carbohydrates in water?

Shorter carbon chains lead to higher solubility.

What structure is responsible for protein synthesis within the nucleus?

The nucleolus.

How do lysosomes function in a cell?

They contain enzymes for intracellular digestion.

What organelle is involved in lipid and steroid synthesis?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Which organelle contains enzymes that detoxify substances?

Peroxisomes.

What characteristic distinguishes eukaryotic from prokaryotic cells in terms of DNA?

Eukaryotic DNA is linear and organized into chromosomes.

What significant process occurs in mitochondria?

Cellular respiration.

What is the main structural difference between plant and animal cells?

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.

What is the purpose of the cell wall in plant cells?

It provides shape, rigidity, and protection.

Define metabolism.

The entirety of all biochemical reactions occurring in cells of living organisms.

What is the net production of ATP in glycolysis?

Two ATP molecules.

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

To protect the cell and regulate the movement of substances in and out.

What is a function of the cytoplasm?

It is the site of cellular processes and contains organelles.

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

They conduct photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.

What are the functions of proteins in cell membranes?

They assist with transport, act as receptors, and provide structural support.

What is homeostasis?

The process by which cells maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

What process do cells use to transport substances against a concentration gradient?

Active transport.

What are ribonucleic acid (RNA) functions in a cell?

RNA plays a crucial role in translating genetic information from DNA to synthesize proteins.

What is apoptosis?

The process of programmed cell death.

What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

It provides structural support and aids in cell movement and division.

What are stem cells?

Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into various cell types.