Applied Anatomy and Physiology - 1140 Final Study Guide - Vocabulary Flashcards

Flashcards covering the key vocabulary and definitions from the Applied Anatomy and Physiology lecture notes, focusing on the ear, eye, vascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive system, and genetics.

Auricle

Captures sound waves and funnels them down the external acoustic meatus toward the tympanic membrane.

Tympanic Membrane

Vibrates when sound waves reach it, transmitting vibrations to the auditory ossicles.

Auditory Ossicles

Malleus, incus, and stapes; conduct vibrations to the oval window.

Cochlea

Vibrations stimulate hair-like structures on the organ of Corti on the basilar membrane.

Cornea

Light rays are bent as they pass through it.

Iris

Controls the amount of light passing through the pupil.

Ciliary Body

Adjusts the shape of the lens to focus light rays on the retina.

Optic Tracts

Carry action potentials to the thalamus.

Right Atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava.

Tricuspid Valve

Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Right Ventricle

Pumps blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery.

Pulmonary Artery

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Pulmonary Veins

Returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Left Atrium

Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

Bicuspid Valve

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Left Ventricle

Pumps blood through the aortic valve into the aorta.

Aorta

Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.

Pulmonary Circuit

Deoxygenated blood flows from right ventricle to lungs, oxygenated blood flows from lungs to left atrium.

Systemic Circuit

Oxygenated blood flows from the left ventricle to the body, deoxygenated blood flows from the body to the right atrium.

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Pacemaker of the heart.

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

Receives impulses from SA node and delays them to ensure ventricles fill with blood.

Atrioventricular Bundle

Divides into left and right and spread action potentials toward the apex for coordinated contractions.

Subendocardial Conducting Network

Arise form the bundle branches and carries the action potentials to the ventricles

P Wave

Represents atrial depolarization.

QRS Complex

Represents ventricular depolarization.

T Wave

Represents ventricular repolarization.

Olfactory Mucosa

Mucous membrane containing the olfactory epithelium.

Respiratory Mucosa

Mucous membrane that lines the rest of nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

Alveoli

Where gas exchange takes place.

Mechanical Digestion

Increases the surface area of food molecules, mixes food with saliva.

Chemical Digestion

Starts with the enzymes present in saliva, enzymes get inactivated by the acidity of the stomach.

Liver and Gallbladder

Processes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, produces bile for digestion, stores vitamins and minerals, synthesizes important proteins.

Renal Corpuscle

Filters blood.

Renal Tubule

Processes the filtrate by reabsorbing useful substances and secreting wastes.

Renal Artery

Carries oxygenated blood full of waste products from the heart to the kidneys.

Renal Vein

Carries the cleaned deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Ovaries

Secretes estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin.

Genotype

A set of alleles, is inherited from your parents obtaining one allele from each parent

Phenotype

A physical characteristic.

Meiosis

4 haploid daughter cells.

Mitosis

2 diploid daughter cells.

DNA Replication Stage

Synthesis.