Thẻ ghi nhớ: Seed Plants: Angiosperms | Quizlet

What are the Unique Chacteristics of angiosperms

Flowers, Fruits. These developed approximately 130 Mya and relied heavy on the convolution with insects.

Flowers

Used for pollination and protection embryo

Fruits

Used for seeds protections and dispersal

What are parts of a flower

Sepals, petals, carpels, stamens. Flowers can be perfect flowers, monoecious, dioecious.

Sepals

Protects the unopened bud (collectively the calyx)

Petals

Colorful parts that attract pollinators (collectively the Corolla)

Carpels

Females reproductive unit, contains stigma, style, and ovary.

Stamens

Male reproductive unit. Contains the filament and the anther.

Perfect flowers

Contains stamens and carpels

Monoecious

Stamens and carpels are on separate flowers, but the same plant

Dioecious

Flowers with stamens and flowers with carpels are found on completely separate plants.

Know the parts of a flower

Angiosperms fertilization and life cycle

2n phase is the dominant phase in the life cycle. Are heterosporous. Involved in double fertilization

Microspores

Pollen in male gametophyte

Megaspores

Ovule is female gametophyte

Double fertilization

Each pollen grain contains 2 sperm. 1 sperm fertilizes the egg and produces a diploid embryo. Another fertilizes the polar nuclei and produces the endosperm.

Angiosperm life cycle

Fruits

Anything that contains a seed and is grown from an ovary is a fruit. Fleshy fruit and dry fruits are involve. Main goal is seed dispersal.

Fleshy fruit

Berries, peaches, grapes, tomato, etc.

Dry fruit

Rice, acorns, wheat, etc.

Examples of seed dispersal

dandelion seeds: wind dispersal. Burrs: catching in fur. Fleshy fruits: being eaten and dropped or pooped out.

Characteristics of Angiosperm DIversity

All belong to the phylum Anthophyta. Made up of three groups: basal angiosperms, monocots, and dicots.

Basal Angiosperms

Water littles, magnolia trees, and spice peppers.

Monocots

True littles, orchids, rice, sugar cane, asparagus. One cotyledon, Parallel veins in leaves, scattered stem vascular tissue, networks of fibrous roots, Mono sulcate pollen, and flower parts are in three or multiples of three.

Dicots

Mangos, tomatoes, roses. Two cotyledon, Network (branched) veins in leaves, stem vascular tissues are arranged in a ring pattern, tap roots with many lateral roots, Tri sulcate pollen, and flower parts are four, five, or multiple of four or five and whorls.

Plants evolution and the role of herbivores

Plants became a major food source for many animals, including large herbivores, millions years ago. This possibly drove the evolution of plant defenses. Many plants also used this to their advantage.

Evolution of plant defenses

Bark, Thorns, Poisons/bad taste

Plant advantages used from animals eating plants

Seed dispersal and pollination.

Economic Botany

Human use of plants. Cultural, commercial, and medicinal uses, Include seeds and agricultural plants.