[G12] PHILOSOPHY Q1

Philos

To love

Sophia

Wisdom

Wisdom

The ability to use your knowledge and experience to make good decisions and judgments

Philosopher

Persons engaged or learned in philosophy, especially as an academic discipline

Philosophy

Defined as the science that by natural light of reason studies the first causes or highest principles of all things

Philosophy as Science

The investigation is systematic; Follow certain steps or employ certain procedures; Organized body of knowledge

Philosophy as Natural Light of Reason

Philosophers use his natural capacity–to think; “Unaided reason”

Philosophy as the Study of all Things

Philosophy is not one dimensional or partial.

Principle

Is that from which something proceeds in any manner whatsoever.

Principle of Identity

Whatever is is; whatever is not is not; everything is what it is. Everything is its own being, and not being is not being.

Principle of Non-Contradiction

It is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time, at the same respect.

Principle of Excluded Middle

A thing is either is or is not; everything must be either be or not be; between being and not-being, there is no middle ground possible.

Principle of Sufficient Reason

Nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence

Metaphysics

We try to explain many things (appearance) using fewer, basic things (reality). It helps us understand what’s real and what’s just appearance or seems real.

Ethics

It explores moral values and how we judge human actions.

Epistemology

The branch of philosophy that studies knowledge.

Knowledge from Experience

We learn through our senses: sight, sound, touch, etc.

Knowledge from Reason

We use logic and reasoning to understand the world

Knowledge from Practical Use

An idea is true if it works or is useful in real life

Logic

The study of correct reasoning. It helps us check if our arguments make sense and if our conclusions are valid.

Aesthetics

The branch of philosophy that studies beauty, art, and artistic experience.

Partial Thinking

Focuses on specific aspects of the situation.

Holistic Thinking

Refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in systems.