Sikhism/Janism

Jainism

An ancient Indian religion that teaches nonviolence, truth, and spiritual liberation through strict self-discipline.

Ahimsa

The principle of nonviolence toward all living things; the most important teaching in Jainism.

Mahavira

The 24th and most important teacher (Tirthankara) of Jainism, who organized and spread the religion in the 6th century BCE.

Marks of Jain Monks & Nuns

They practice extreme nonviolence, wear simple robes or go without clothing (in some sects), sweep the ground to avoid harming life, and may wear masks to avoid breathing in small organisms.

Jain Theology

The belief that every living being has a soul and can achieve liberation (moksha) through nonviolence, self-discipline, and eliminating karma.

Jain Vegetarianism

A strict vegetarian diet practiced to avoid harming animals and minimize violence toward living beings.

Sikhi (Sikhism)

A monotheistic religion founded in the Punjab region that teaches devotion to one God, equality, service, and justice.

Guru Nanak

The founder of Sikhism in the 15th century, who taught devotion to one God and rejected social divisions like caste.

Guru

A spiritual teacher or guide in Sikhism; ten human Gurus led the religion.

Adi Granth

The central holy scripture of Sikhism containing the teachings of the Gurus and other saints (later called the Guru Granth Sahib).

The Khalsa

A community of initiated Sikhs founded in 1699, committed to equality, courage, and defending justice.

The Five K’s

Five physical symbols worn by initiated Sikhs: Kesh (uncut hair), Kara (steel bracelet), Kanga (comb), Kachera (shorts), and Kirpan (ceremonial sword).

Sikh Naming Conventions

Sikh men usually take the name Singh (“lion”), and women take the name Kaur (“princess”) to show equality and reject caste.

Sikh Theology

The belief in one formless God, equality of all people, honest work, service to others, and remembering God through prayer and meditation.