Midterm #2 Essay

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1

What are the key differences between Romantic and Victorian literature?

Romantic: Emotion, nature, individualism (Wordsworth, Shelley)
Victorian: Realism, social critique, moral responsibility (Dickens, Gaskell, Tennyson)
Tennyson bridges the two in Lady of Shalott and Ulysses

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2

What distinguishes Victorian fiction, poetry, and drama?

Fiction: serial publication, realism, social commentary (North and South, Wuthering Heights)
Poetry: dramatic monologues, religious doubt (Browning, Tennyson, Arnold)
Drama: satire and social critique (The Importance of Being Earnest)

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3

How do Victorian writers grapple with religious doubt?

Tennyson’s “In Memoriam”: Wrestling with loss and faith
Arnold’s “Dover Beach”: The sea of faith is retreating
Darwin’s “Origin of Species”: Challenges traditional religious beliefs
Newman’s essays: Defense of faith against modern skepticism

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4

How did Victorian literature respond to industrialization and gender norms?

Engel's’ “The Condition of the English Working Class”: exposes worker exploitation

Gaskell’s “North and South”: navigates industrial tension and class divides

Rossetti’s “Goblin Market”: challenges female autonomy and purity standards

Browning’s “My Last Duchess”: critiques patriarchal control

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5

What role did literature play in an era of mass literacy and growing secularism?

Accessible novels and serial fiction (Dickens, Bronte sisters)

Poetry as a space for spiritual exploration (Tennyson, Arnold)

Moral instruction and social reform (Gaskell, Engels)

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6

What are the arguments for the start and end dates of the Victorian Era?

Start: 1837 (Queen Victoria’s coronation) or 1832 (Reform Bill)
End: 1901 (Victoria’s death) or late 1800s (rise of Modernism)
Victorian literature bridges Romanticism and Modernism

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7

What are they key themes and techniques in Victorian literature?

Industrialization and class struggle (Engels, Gaskell, Dickens)
Gender roles & female autonomy (Rossetti, Bronte sisters)
Faith vs. Doubt (Tennyson, Arnold, Newman)
Dramatic monologues & psychological depth (Browning)

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