Bio Quiz

What are types of chemical energy that humans use

Carbohydrates, fats, and others

Which two can be turned into ATP

Carbohydrates and fats

What is a major type of carb that animals use

Polysaccharides

What type of carbs do plants use

Starch

What type of carbs do animals use

Glycogen

What are the major types of lipids

Saturated and unsaturated

What is a saturated lipid

Solid at room temperature, all carbons are attached to hydrogen by single bonds

What are examples of saturated lipids

Butter, steak, coconut oil

What are unsaturated fats

Liquid at room temp, carbons are attached to hydrogen by either single or double bonds

What are examples of unsaturated fats

Olive oil, avocado, salmon

What is energy

The ability to do work

After eating food, what happens

Chemical waste leaves the body (CO2, H2), heat is realeased into the atmosphere, ATP is created

What is matabolism

Sum of all chemical reactions happening in the body at one time

What is catabolism

Breaking down bonds, releases energy

What is anabolism

Adding molecules together using covalent bonds, store energy

How does light energy go to living organisms

Through photosynthesis

What do living organisms have

Chemical energy such as carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucelic acids

Definition of these molecules

Biological molecules that store energy until chemically reacted

How do living organisms go to mechanical energy

They can fuel the mechanical energy using ATP

What is another name of mechanical energy

Kinetic energy,

What is mechanical energy?

Energy of motion

Examples of mechanical energy

Mucscular contraction, vesicles

How can living things go to heat energy

By chemical transformation

How can mechanical energy go to heat energy

By transforming kinetic energy

What is another name for heat energy

Thermal energy

What is heat energy

Friction from molecules moving in an object

Where does heat energy go

It moves from living things into the environment

What is electrical energy

Energy caused by the movement of electrical charges

What is an example of electrical energy

Neurons

What is the full name of ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate

What is ATP

A modified nucelotide, "cousin of DNA and RNA"

How is chemical energy used by living things

Synthesizing and breaking down macro, cell transport in and outside the cell, cell growth and division, maintaining homeostasis

What is a type of synthesis living things use

Dehydration synthesis

What is a type of breaking down living things use

Hydrolysis

What is the cellular respiration formula

C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP

Is this hydrolysis or synthesis?

Hydrolysis

What does that say about the type of reaction it is

It is an exergonic reaction, meaning that energy is released

Does photosynthesis use hydrolysis or synthesis

Dehydration synthesis

What does that say about the reaction

It is an endergonic reaction, meaning it requires an input of energy

What type of troph does sun energy go to

Autotrophs (producers)

What are some types of autotrophs

Plants, algae (protist), cyanobacteria (bacteria)

What are autotrophs

Organisms that can use the power of the sun to produce chemical energu in the form of glucose

What are heterotrophs (consumers)

Organisms that get their food energy from other organisms

Where do heterotrophs get their energy

Feeding off of autotrophs

What are types of consumers

Carnvirores - meat eaters, omnivore - plants and animals, herbivore - plants, INTERNAL DIGESTION,

What os a saprotroph?

Organisms that break down other organisms for food and nutreitsn, external digestion

What is a detritoivore

Organisms that feed on detritus (organism matter), like earthworms or termites

How many plants are parasitic

1% of all flowering plants are parasitic, ~4,000 species

What are parasitic plants

Organisms that get all or msot of their nutreints from other plants

What is an obligate parasite

Gets all of its nutrients from other plants

What is a faculative parasite

Gets most of its nutrients from other plants

What does all life need

A constant input of energy

What are characterisitcs of heterotrophs

They get their energy by eating others, make energy through respiration

What are chracteristics of autotrophs

Produce theri own energy, convert energy from the sun, build organic molecules, make energy and synthesize sugar through photosynthesis

What is the formula for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

What is the formular for respiration?

C6H12O12 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP

What does it mean to be a plant?

Collect light energy and transform it into chemical energy, store light energy in a stable form, need to get building block atoms, produce organic molecules needed for growth

What are these organic molecules required for growth

Carbs and lipids

What is the plant structure built to do

Obtain raw materials

How does the plant collect sunlight

Leaves

How does the plant collect CO2

Stomata for gas exchange

How does the plant collect H2O

Roots

How does the plant collect nutrients

Roots

How many membranes do chloroplasts have

Three

What are the three membranes called

The outer membrane, the inner membrane, and the thykaloid membrane (folded to form thykaloids)

What are involved in photosynthesis and in the thykaloid membrane

Chlorophyll and other pigments

How are thykaloids arranged

Stacks called grana

What is visible light made of

Different colors of light with different wavelengths

What color has the largest wavelength and most energy

Red

What color has the smallest wavelength and the least energy

Violet

What does light have

A dual nature (it exhibits properties of waves and photons)

What are pigments

Molecules that absorb light energy

Different pigments absorb light of different/same wavelengths

Different

What are the photosynthetic pigments

Chlorophyl A, chlorophyl B, and carotenoids (xanthophyll, carotenes)

What does the thykaloid membrane consist of

Chlorophyll molecules, the electron transport chain, ATP synthase (H+ gradient built up within the thykaloid sac)

What are the two parts of photosynthesis

Light reaction and the calvin cycle

What is the light reaction

Light dependent, energy conversion reactions

Whta does the light reaction convert

Convert solar energy into chemical energy

What do light reactions release

ATP and NADPH, O2 as a byproduct

What do light reactions consume

H2O

What is the calvin cycle

Light independent, sugar building reaction

What does the calvin cycle do

Uses chemical energy to reduce CO2 and synthesize C6H12O6

What does the calvin cycle consume

CO2

What does the calvin cycle produce

G3P, a type of sugar

What does the calvin cycle regenerate

ADP and NADP+

What is a part of the light reactions

The Electron Trasnport Chain (like the one in cellular respiration), proteins in organelle membrane

What are the electron acceptors

NADPH, Proton H+ gradient across the membrane, ATP synthase enzyme

How many photosystems are found in the thykaloid membrane

Two

What are photosystems

They are a collection of chlorophyll molecules and act as light gathering molecules

What is Photosystem II

Uses cholorphyll A, P680 (absorbs 680mm wavelength (red), comes before photosystem I

What is Photosystem I?

Uses chlorophyll B, P700 (absorbs 700mm wavelength (red)

Where does the energy originate from in a light dependent reaction

The sun

How is the solar energy captured

The pigments in photosystem II

Where does the Calvin Cycle take place

The stroma of the chloroplast