Unit 4 AOS 2 - Implementing change

Leadership

The skill of a manager when guiding and influencing employees towards the achievement of organisational objectives.

Training

The process of providing an employee with the knowledge or specific skills needed to do a job.

Motivation

The willingness or drive to exert high levels of effort to reach organisational objectives, while also satisfying individual employee's need to achieve.

Performance related pay

A financial reward to employees whose work has reached or exceeded a set standard.

Career advancement

Promoting employees to positions that include more responsibility or authority.

Support

Encouraging and acknowledging employees for their work performance.

Sanction

When employees are motivated by discipline and will not take their work seriously until threatened.

Management style

The manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans and motivating people.

Autocratic management style

All decisions making is centralised, there is little delegated authority and communication is one way - downwards.

Persuasive management style

The manager makes a decision and convinces workers of the benefits of those decisions. Decision-making is centralised and communication is one-way downwards.

Consultative management style

The manager makes asks employees their opinion when discussing an issue, however the manager ultimately make the decision. There is two way communication.

Participative management style

Decision making is made as a team with management and staff working together with the manager retaining responsibility and accountability. Communication is two way.

Laissez-faire management style

Leaves the majority of decision-making and running of the business operations to the employees and there is two way communication.

Management skills

The ability to do something well, gained through training and experience

Communication

Process of creating and exchanging information between people that produces the required response.

Delegation

Passing of authority down the hierarchy to perform tasks or makes decisions; responsibility remains with the person delegating.

Planning

Process of determining objectives and devising strategies in order to achieve them.

Leading

Guiding and influencing employees towards the achievement of organisational objectives.

Decision-making

A multi-step approach whereby a selection is made between a range of different alternatives.

Interpersonal

Those skills used every day to communicate and interact with other people, both individually and in groups.

Technology

The practical application of science to achieve a commercial or industrial objective.

Automated production line

Process where raw materials enter, and finished products leave with little or no human intervention.

Computer-aided design

Program that facilitates creation and modification of design.

Computer-aided manufacturing

Involves control of machinery, tools and equipment through a computer.

Website development

Establishing and maintaining an accessible and easily locatable online platform.

Quality

The degree of excellence in a good or service and its ability to satisfy the customer.

Quality control

Involves the use of random inspections at various points in the production process to check for defects and taking corrective action if necessary.

Quality assurance

A system established to ensure that predetermined quality standards are achieved by building quality into the work processes. Involves the use of an external certification body which audits against international standards.

Total quality management

A holistic approach to quality where all members of an organisation focus on continuous process improvement, customer focus, defect prevention and universal responsibility.

Lean production

Involves a systematic process for eliminating waste so the end customer gets the most value from their perspective with fewer resources.

Redeployment of labour

The process of moving employees from one area of a business to another, often as an alternative to termination of employment.

Export

A function of international trade where products produced/performed in one country are sold to another country.

Innovation

Refers to changing or creating more effective processes, products and ideas.

Niche market

A narrowly defined target market of which a specific product is focused.

Systems thinking

Involves comprehending and addressing management as a whole, and examining the interrelationship between all parts.

Learning organisation

Organizations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning to see the whole together.

Personal mastery

The discipline of continually clarifying and deepening personal vision.

Mental models

Deeply entrenched assumptions, generalisations and images of how people understand the world.

Building a shared vision

Involves the skills of creating shared 'pictures of the future' that foster genuine commitment rather than compliance.

Team learning

A process where members of the group develop the group's capacity to create desirable results for all.

Low-risk strategies

Participative approach to implementation of change, use of communication, empowerment, work groups and support for those who are impacted upon.

High-risk strategies

Autocratic approach to implementing change, involving use of force, threats and manipulation of situations.

Lewin's 3 Step Change Model

Lewin argued that a successful change involves three steps: Unfreeze the current situation, Move from the current to the new situation, Refreeze the new situation and embed the change.

Managers

A person responsible for controlling and dealing with a group of staff.

Employees

A person working for a business for wages or a salary.

Customers

Those who purchase goods or services from a business.

Suppliers

Provide a business the resources required for the production process.

General community

A group of people with common interests living together within a larger society.

Empowerment

Giving employees permission to make limited decisions without having to consult superiors.

Incentives

Inducement offered if performance improves

Manipulation

Changing information in order to provide an altered message.

Threat

Forcing employees to embrace change or receive retribution.