Eye anatomy
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29 Terms
Q: What is ophthalmology?
A: The medical study of the eye and its diseases.
Q: What is the function of the optic nerve?
A: It transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.
Q: What are the three layers of the eyeball?
A: Sclera, choroid, retina.
Q: What is the sclera?
A: The tough, white outer layer of the eye that protects inner structures.
Q: What is the cornea?
A: The clear, transparent part of the sclera that refracts light into the eye.
Q: What is the choroid?
A: The middle, vascular layer that provides blood to the eye.
Q: What does the iris do?
A: Controls the size of the pupil to regulate light entering the eye.
Q: What is the pupil?
A: The opening in the iris that allows light into the interior of the eye.
Q: What is the function of the ciliary body?
A: Changes the shape of the lens to focus light on the retina.
Q: What is the lens?
A: A structure that focuses incoming light onto the retina.
Q: What is the retina?
A: The innermost layer containing rods and cones that detect light.
Q: What are rods and what do they detect?
A: Rods are photoreceptors for dim light and grayscale vision.
Q: What are cones and what do they detect?
A: Cones are photoreceptors for bright light and color vision.
Q: What is the macula lutea?
A: A yellow spot on the retina for sharp central vision.
Q: What is the fovea centralis?
A: A central pit in the macula with the highest concentration of cones; provides the clearest vision.
Q: What is the optic disk?
A: The "blind spot" where the optic nerve exits the eye; has no photoreceptors.
Q: What is aqueous humor?
A: A watery fluid between the cornea and lens.
Q: What is vitreous humor?
A: A gel-like fluid between the lens and retina that maintains eye shape.
Q: How many external eye muscles are there
A: Six (4 rectus, 2 oblique).
Q: What do rectus muscles do?
A: Move the eye in straight lines: up, down, left, and right.
Q: What do oblique muscles do?
A: Control diagonal/rotational eye movements.
Q: What is strabismus?
A: Misalignment of the eyes (e.g., crossed eyes).
Q: What is the conjunctiva?
A: A mucous membrane lining that covers the eyelids and anterior eyeball for protection.
Q: What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus?
A: Produces and drains tears to clean and lubricate the eye.
Q: What are cilia in the eye?
A: Eyelashes that protect the eye from debris.
Q: What is the path of light through the eye?
A: Cornea → Pupil → Aqueous humor → Lens → Vitreous humor → Retina.
Q: What happens when light hits the retina?
A: It stimulates rods and cones, which send signals to the brain via the optic nerve.
Q: What does “opaque” mean?
A: Light cannot pass through.
Q: What does “transparent” mean?
A: Light can pass through.