HHD - Nutrition

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

To provide fuel for the body, with glucose being the preferred energy source.

Name three food sources of carbohydrates.

Pasta, rice, and bread.

What are the two major functions of protein in the body?

To build, maintain, and repair body cells, and to act as a secondary source of energy.

What is the main function of fats?

To act as a fuel for energy and to support the development and maintenance of cell membranes.

List the four forms of fats.

Saturated, trans, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated.

What are the food sources of saturated fats?

Fatty cuts of meat, full-cream milk, and cheese.

What are the food sources of trans fats?

Pies, pastries, and cakes.

What are the food sources of polyunsaturated fats?

Mackerel, trout, and sardines.

What are the food sources of monounsaturated fats?

Peanuts, cashews, and almonds.

What is the role of water in the body?

It forms the basis of blood, digestive juices, urine, and perspiration, and is essential for chemical reactions.

Name three food sources of water.

Watermelon, cucumber, and apples.

What is the main function of calcium?

To build bone and other hard tissues.

List three food sources of calcium.

Milk, cheese, and yoghurt.

What is the role of sodium in the body?

To regulate fluids, including water and blood.

Name three food sources of sodium.

Table salt, olives, and pork.

What is the function of iron in the body?

To form the 'haem' part of haemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood.

List three food sources of iron.

Turkey, chicken, and lamb.

What is the main function of vitamin D?

To absorb calcium from the intestine into the bloodstream.

Name three food sources of vitamin D.

Beef liver, egg yolks, and sardines.

What are the functions of vitamin C?

To form blood vessels, cartilage, muscle, collagen in bones, fight infection, and assist in iron absorption.

List three food sources of vitamin C.

Oranges, apples, and lemons.

What is the role of folate in the body?

To assist in DNA synthesis and the development of red blood cells.

Name three food sources of folate.

Citrus fruits like oranges and lemons, and eggs.

What is a consequence of excessive sodium intake?

Hypertension, which negatively impacts cardiovascular health.

What can excessive saturated and trans fats lead to?

High blood cholesterol, increasing the risk of cardiovascular issues.

What nutrient deficiencies can cause fatigue?

Insufficient iron, folate, and B group vitamins.

What can underconsumption of water lead to?

Dehydration, causing symptoms like dry mouth and headaches.

What long-term consequence can result from overconsumption of sugar?

Tooth decay, which can negatively impact mental health and self-esteem.

What can lead to overweight and obesity?

Overconsumption of saturated and trans fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.

What is a long-term consequence of underconsumption of calcium?

Increased risk of osteoporosis due to low bone density.

What condition can result from underconsumption of calcium?

Osteoporosis, leading to weak and porous bones and increased risk of fractures.

What nutrients are commonly deficient in anemia?

Iron, vitamin C, and folate.

How does being underweight affect energy levels?

It leads to insufficient energy, causing the body to use its own fat for energy, resulting in being very skinny.

What is the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating?

A visual guide representing the proportion of five food groups recommended for daily consumption, depicted in a pie chart.

What is a strength of the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating?

It serves as a simple visual guide for quick reference.

What is a weakness of the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating?

It does not provide serving sizes.

What does the Healthy Eating Pyramid represent?

The types and proportions of foods to eat daily for good health, including five core food groups and healthy fats.

What is a strength of the Healthy Eating Pyramid?

It includes healthy fats and alternatives to salt, promoting a balanced diet.

What is a weakness of the Healthy Eating Pyramid?

It may mislead people into thinking they can eat unlimited fruit since it is in the foundation layer.

What does the R.E.A.L strategy stand for?

Read, Examine, Ask, Look.

What should you do when using the R.E.A.L strategy to evaluate a website?

Read the URL, examine the content and author credentials, ask about the author, and look at linked sources.

How can family influence healthy eating?

Family can enable healthy eating by cooking nutritious meals or act as a barrier by consuming takeout regularly.

How do friends influence healthy eating habits?

Friends can encourage healthy eating by choosing healthy food options or act as a barrier by opting for junk food.

How does socioeconomic status (SES) affect healthy eating?

High SES can enable access to fresh foods, while low SES may limit access to quality nutrition, leading to reliance on processed foods.

How can social media impact healthy eating?

It can promote healthy eating through influencers sharing recipes or act as a barrier through junk food advertisements.

How can religion act as an enabler for healthy eating?

Certain religions may promote vegetarianism, leading to healthier dietary choices.

What is a potential barrier to healthy eating related to religion?

Cutting out meat may lead to deficiencies in protein and iron.

How can ethnicity influence dietary habits?

Ethnic backgrounds can promote healthy eating through traditional diets or lead to unhealthy eating through reliance on processed foods.

What gender-related factor can influence healthy eating?

Females may consume more fruits and vegetables than males, promoting healthier eating habits.

How can health promotions enable healthy eating?

Government initiatives can educate the public on balanced diets, promoting healthier choices.

What is a potential barrier of health promotions?

Misinterpretation of guidelines, such as overconsumption of fruits due to their foundational placement in dietary models.

How does food labeling help consumers?

It provides nutritional information that aids in making informed food choices.

What is a barrier related to food labeling?

Consumers may not understand nutritional information, leading to poor dietary choices.