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Diffusion
The process of mixing molecules of one substance through another by random molecular motion
Graham's law of diffusion
the principle that the diffusion rate of any gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas’s molar mass
Partial pressure
the pressure that would be exerted by one of the gases in a mixture if it occupied the same volume on its own.
Dalton’s law of partial pressures
The pressure in a container filled with a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of all the gases in the container
Boyle’s law
states that a gas’s pressure and volume are inversely proportional
Robert Boyle
Who was the 1st to do careful research about the relationship between volume and pressure
Absolute Scale
When working with relationships between temperature and volume, you must convert celsius temperatures to ______________
Charles Law
An experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated
Gases
What does Charles Law only apply to?
Standard Temperature and Pressure
0 C(273.15K)
Kinetic theory of matter
States that all molecules of matter are in constant motion
Variables
A letter used in an equation to represent something else
V
Volume
T
Temperature
P
Pressure
Direct Proportion
The relations between quantities whose ratios are constant
Indirect Proportion
a relation between two quantities such that one increases in proportion as the other decreases.
Aneroid
without liquid
Pressure
force (a "push) per unit area
Mercury Barometer
Measures the pressure exerted by the collisions of gas molecules in our atmosphere with the earth
Evangelista Torricelli
Who invented the Mercury Barometer?
Aneroid Barometer
Measures Atmospheric pressure
Millimeter of Mercury
manometric unit of pressure
International Standard Atmosphere
The average air pressure at sea level
Manometer
A common laboratory device used to measure the pressure of gas samples
.0821 L* atm/k*mol
R
PV
nRT
22.4C
How much of C of gas at STP is one mole of that gas?
Ideal Gas
A gas that exactly obeys the assumptions of the kinetic theory is a _______
Physical Chemistry
The study of reactions of properties and matters
Organ Chemsitry
Study substances that are compounds of carbon
Inorganic Chemistry
Chemical combinations of elements
Biochemistry
The chemistry of living things
Analytical chemistry
identifies substances that are present in materials
Clinical chemistry
involves primary biochemistry and analytical chemistry
Science
The systematic study of God’s universe and how it works
Hypothesis
A tentative explanation for a natural phenomenon
Observing
Gathering date by looking closely at nature
Hypothesizing
speculating about nature and forming general principles to explain it
Experimenting
testing hypotheses in a systematic way to determine if they are valid or invalid
Theory
A set of conclusions supported by scientific hypotheses and related experimentation that describes why a law works.
Scientific Law
A statement, grounded in a theory, of what should naturally occur under a given set of conditions
Mathematics
the language of science
Precision
Repeatability
Accuracy
Correctness
Exact Numbers
Obtained by counting
System of measurement
A collection of compatible, related units that can be used to measure various quantities
Metric System
Based on powers of 10
Nano
one billionth to 10-9
Micro
one millionth to 10-6
Milli
one thousandth to 10-3
Centi
One hundredth to 10-2
Kilo
one thousandth to 10 3
Mega
one millionth to 10 6
Prefixes
Attached to tube base unit to change its value
Length
Meter
Volume
Liter
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
Weight
The force of gravity of an object
N
What is the symbol for nano
μ
What is the symbol for micro
M
What is the symbol for milli
C
What is the symbol for centi
K
What is the symbol for kilo
m
What is the symbol for mega
Coldest Possible Temperature
Absolute Zero
Kelvin
Same size degrees as celsius
Absolute scale
no negative values
Time
Second
Dimensional Analysis
A technique for converting units using a conversion factor
Scientific Notation
A way to write large numbers in a short format
Meter
What is the name for length
m
What is the symbol for length
Kilogram
What is the name for mass
kg
What is the symbol for mass
Liter
What is the name for volume
L
What is the symbol for volume
Second
What is the name for time
s
What is the symbol for time
Degree celsius
What is the name for temperature
C
What is the symbol for temperature
Kelvin
What is the name for absolute temperature
K
What is the symbol for absolute temperature
Pascal
What is the name for pressure
Pa
What is the symbol for pressure
Mole
What is the name for amount of substances
Mol
What is the symbol for the amount of substances
Joule
What is the name for energy
J
What is the symbol for energy
Significant digit
any of the digits in a measured value that represent the uncertainty of the measurement
Ex Nihilo
Latin Phrase meaning “Out of Nothing”
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Solid, Liquid, Gas
3 Ordinary States
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion
Solid
Definite shape and volume
Liquid
Definite volume but no definite shape
Gas
No Definite volume or shape
Melting Point
Particles of a solid gain enough energy to break loose of their rigid positions
Boiling Point
Particles of a liquid gain enough energy to break fully away from each other
Plasma
Most common state of matter in the universe
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Flashcard (26)