Pre-Industrial, Industrial and Post-Industrial revolution

Social-cultural factors in pre-industrial Britain

Limited transport and communication/Illiteracy/Violent and cruel situations/Limited free time/Feudal system

What were the difficulties of pre-industrial sport?

Little free time (long work hours)/Limited resources used/Limited transport/Aggressive and violent events/Wagers

Real tennis

Confusing rules - Codified rules - Expensive and specialised equipment - Lack of violence

Mob football

Violent game - Simple uncodified rules - Lower classes - No safety equipment - Injuries and property damage

Rational recreation

4RS (Respectability/Regional + Regular/Referees/Rules/Skills)

Wenlock Olympic games

1850 - William Penny Brookes - His aim was to create physical and intellectual movements - Athletics/Country sports - Written, Codified rules - Inspired Pierre de Coubertin

HITFOR (1^st half of IR)

poor Health and Hygiene/lack of Income/lack of Time/poor Facilities/Overcrowding/loss of Rights

IAMBIP (2^nd half of IR)

Improved health/Athleticism/Middle class/Better transport and communication/Increased Income/Patronage

Urbanisation

Urbanisation is the large scale movement of people to towns and cities - Led to a change in working conditions - Value of sport recognised - Purpose built facilities created - Mob and Blood sports were banned

Improved Transport

Movement of teams and spectators

Improved Communication

Improved education and better literacy

Churches impact on sport

Muscular Christianity (patriotic duty, discipline, self-sacrifice, masculinity and athleticism) - Church teams (Celtic)

Middle class

Codification - Public provisions - Increased leisure time - Move to professionalism

How was sport spread in the British Empire?

Teachers/Industrialists/Clergy/Army officers/Diplomats/NGBs

NGBs

England hockey - 1876

RFU - 1871

FA - 1863

Public provision

NGBs were formed to help codification and regulation of sport as it began to grow in Britain. The middle/upper classes wanted control over the lower classes so wrote in exclusion clauses to them to prevent lower classes winning.