Chapter 4 - Civil Rights

When compared to the Framers’ definition of civil rights, modern America’s concept of civil rights is ______.

Multiple Choice Question

more comprehensive

much more limited

also inclusive of civil liberties

effectively the same

more comprehensive

Civil liberties are ______.

rights for non−citizens

protections from government power

to enhance government power

freedom from other citizens

protections from government power

t/f: Civil rights represent protections by the government or protections that the government secures on behalf of its citizens.

true

African Americans faced difficulties in securing their civil rights because the Constitution reserved rights like determining voting eligibility to ______.

Multiple Choice Question

the federal government’s judicial branch

the federal government’s executive branch

the states

the federal government’s legislative branch

states 

Approximately how long did it take for African Americans to go from being enslaved to gaining full citizenship in the United States?

Multiple Choice Question

two-hundred years

one-hundred and fifty years

one-hundred years

fifty years

200 years

Which statement explains how the Constitution’s separation of powers prolonged the struggle for African American civil rights?

Multiple Choice Question

It limits the input of certain groups and interests.

It emphasizes property rights over human rights.

It makes establishing a national majority on any issue difficult.

It encourages counter−majority interests to emerge regularly.

It makes establishing a national majority on any issue difficult.

At present, _____ U.S. states require some form of identification to cast a ballot.

none of the

all

more than thirty

the vast majority of

more than thrity

Suppose you were a member of the Democratic Party. Which of the following statements would likely succinctly relate your opposition to voter identification laws?

Multiple Choice Question

“Voter ID laws are necessary to ensure that people do not impersonate others.”

“Voter ID laws may discourage people from voting if they are low income, minority, or out of state students.”

“Voter ID laws are not applied uniformly across states, and this creates implementation issues.”

“Voter ID laws do not necessarily discourage voter fraud.”

“Voter ID laws may discourage people from voting if they are low income, minority, or out of state students.”

In 2017, the Supreme Court refused to permit a strict North Carolina voter ID law on the grounds that it ______.

Multiple Choice Question

did not get the necessary federal approvals

would be too costly to implement

discriminated against African Americans

violated the 1965 Voting Rights Act

discriminated against African Americans

_______ definitively asserted that the federal government could not prevent slavery in any of the territories.

The Constitution

The Court’s decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford

The Compromise of 1850

The Missouri Compromise

The Court’s decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford

The Fourteenth Amendment ______ for African Americans following the Civil War.

granted citizenship

ended slavery

provided voting rights

legalized property rights

granted citizenship. The Thirteenth Amendment ended slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship. The Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed the right to vote.

Which act authorized the Department of Justice to suspend restrictive electoral tests in southern states that had a history of low Black turnout?

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

The Equal Rights Act of 1991

The Fair Housing Act of 1968

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

How did Franklin Roosevelt persuade African American voters to join the Democratic Party in the 1930s?

by publicly denouncing segregation and the whites who supported it

by passing the first major civil rights bill since Reconstruction

by sending in troops to enforce desegregation in the South

by offering African Americans federal assistance for the first time since Reconstruction

by offering African Americans federal assistance for the first time since Reconstruction

Which Supreme Court decision established the separate but equal doctrine, justifying racial segregation in the South?

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Smith v. Allwright (1944)

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

The Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) was historically significant because it ______.

overturned the precedent established in Plessy v. Ferguson

threw out white primary laws

justified affirmative action in colleges’ admissions decisions

established the separate but equal doctrin

overturned the precedent established in Plessy v. Ferguson

A policy that requires those employers and schools that had practiced past discrimination to compensate minorities by giving them special consideration in hiring and school admissions is known as ______.

Multiple Choice Question

de segregation

de facto segregation

affirmative action

Jim Crow laws

affirmative action

Hispanics are most highly concentrated in ______, which has no electoral votes and only non-voting representation in Congress.

Multiple Choice Question

Puerto Rico

Alaska

New Mexico

Florida

Puerto Rico

In which region of the country is one most likely to find Hispanic residents?

Multiple Choice Question

in New England

along the U.S. border with Canada

along the U.S. border with Mexico

in the Pacific northwest

along the U.S. border with Mexico

Why was sex discrimination outlawed by the 1964 Civil Rights Act?

Southern opponents thought sex discrimination’s inclusion would tank the bill.

Northern liberals would likely have not voted for the act without its inclusion.

President Lyndon Johnson refused to sign it without provisions for sex discrimination.

Feminists pushed for sex discrimination’s inclusion.

Southern opponents thought sex discrimination’s inclusion would tank the bill.

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed to achieve ratification because ______.

Multiple Choice Question

it never had widespread support in the Senate

it never had widespread support in the House of Representatives

not one state ratified the amendment, despite passage through Congress

support for it was divided over the abortion issue during the ratification process

support for it was divided over the abortion issue during the ratification process

In 1970, Congress passed an extension of the Voting Rights act that ______.

Multiple Choice Question

required ballots to be in Spanish in certain constituencies

disallowed discrimination based on race or ethnicity

prevented discrimination based on gender

placed oversight of elections with the Department of Justice

required ballots to be in Spanish in certain constituencies

The 1996 ______ rejected same−sex marriage.

Defense of Marriage Act

Equal Rights Amendment

Supreme Court decision in Romer v. Evans

Restoration of Civil Rights Act

Defense of Marriage Act

In 1861, Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party rode into office advocating ______.

Multiple Choice Question

“Equal Rights for All”

“End Slavery in the United States”

“No More Solid South”

“Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men”

“Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men”

How did the civil rights movements in the 1860s and 1960s counter James Madison’s arguments elucidated in Federalist No. 51?

They showed politicians' self−interest and factions can transform moral justice to public policy.

They justified Madison’s assertions about the Constitution’s protections against self−interest.

They demonstrated change can only occur when there is a national majority against it.

They demonstrated change can only occur when there is a national majority in favor of it.

They showed politicians' self−interest and factions can transform moral justice to public policy.