Axial Skeleton - A&P I

skull, auditory ossicles, vertebral column, sternum, ribcage

bones in axial skeleton

protection of internal organs (brain, heart, lungs, liver)

function of axial skeleton

long bones

bones that are longer than wide with broad ends

humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, and phalanges

examples of long bones

short bones

bones in which length and widt are close to equal

carpals, tarsals, patella

examples of short bones

flat bones

thin, flat bones with parallel surfaces

superior skull bones, ribs, sternum

examples of flat bones

irregular bones

bones with varied shapes that serve different purposes

facial bones, vertebral column, coxal bones

examples of irregular bones

tuberosity

a large rounded projection; may be roughened

crest

narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

trochanter

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process found only on the femur

line

narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than crest

tubercle

small, rounded projection or process

epicondyle

raised area on or above a condyle

spine

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

process

any bony prominence

ramus

an armlike bar of bone

head

bony expansioin carried on a narrow neck

facet

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

condyle

rounded knuckle-like articular projection

groove

a furrow or channel

fissure

a narrow, slit-like opening

foramen

a round or oval shaped opening through a bone

notch

a v-like depression in the margin of a flat area

meatus

a canal-like passageway or opening into a canal

sinus

a cavity within bone filled with air and line with mucous membrane

fossa

a shallow depression or groove in a bone; usually broad and shallow

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, parietal (2), temporal (2), and occipital

8 cranial bones

frontal bone

sphenoid bone

sphenoid bone

Inferior view of sphenoid bond

Inferior view of greater view of sphenoid bone

Anterior view of ethmoid bone

Midsagittal view of ethmoid bone

vomer

parietal bone

temporal bone

occipital bone

coronal suture

sagittal suture

squamous suture

lambdoid suture

bilateral - nasal, palatine, lacrimal, inferior nasal conchae, maxillae, zygomatic; singular - vomer and mandible

14 facial bones

greater wing of sphenoid

lesser wing of sphenoid

maxillae

Midsagittal view of maxilla

mandible

nasal bone

lacrimal bone

nasal bone

zygomatic process

external acoustic meatus

styloid process

mastoid process

mandibular fossa

Zygomatic arch

External acoustic meatus

Mastoid process

Mandibular fossa

Zygomatic process

Styloid process

Mandibular condyle

Mandibular notch

Ramus of the mandible

Body of mandible

Angle of mandible

Alveolar process of mandible

Mental foramen

Coronoid process

Mandibular foramen

Frontal bone

Sphenoid sinus

Sphenoid bone

Crista galli

Palatine process of maxilla

Vomer

Nasal bone

Horizontal plate of palatine

Ethmoid bone

Supraorbital foramen

Superior orbital fissure

Inferior orbital fissure

Optic canal

Areolar process of the mandible

Areolar process of the maxilla

Inferior nasal concha

Middle nasal concha

mastoid process

occipital condyle

external occipital protuberance

zygomatic bones

vomer

palatine process

palatine bone

sphenoid bone

temporal bone