Functional groups

What are Alcohols and how do identify a compound?

are compounds that contain one or more (-OH) groups e.g Ethanol (ol is added to the end of the name)

Types of alcohols

If the carbon atom that the -OH is attached to has
one other carbon atom - Primary alcohol

two other carbon atoms - Secondary alcohol

three other carbon atoms - Tertiary

What are Amines and how do you identify them ?

Contains one or more amine groups (-NH2) that are attached to the hydrocarbon chain e.g ethanamine (ends in amine)

What are Aldehydes and how do you identify them?

Contains a carbonyl group at the end of a hydrocarbon chain (-C=O) , e.g ethanal (-al is added to the end of the name)

What are ketones and how do you identify them

Contains carbonyl group in the middle of the carbon chain (-C=O) e.g propanone (-one is added to the end of the name)

What are Carboxylic acids

Contains Carboxyl group on the end of the carbon chain (-COOH) C is doubled bonded to oxygen and bonded to OH e.g ethanoic acid,(-oic is added to the end of the name)

What are esters

Connect two alkyl chains by an ester link (-COO-) contains one C double bond O ,made from the reaction of an alcohol and Carboxylic acid e.g methyl ethanoate (-oate is added to the end of the name)

What are amides

Connects two alkyl groups with an amide link (-CONH-)from the reaction of amine and carboxylic acid e.g N-ethyl propanamide ends in amide