HMI202 - Week 5 Venous drainage system

Where in the body can you find continuous/ contiguous capillaries?

Lungs, smooth/ skeletal muscles, brain

Where in the body can you find fenestration capillaries?

kidney, small intestine, choroid plexus (CSF)

Where in the body can you find sinusoidal capillaries?

Liver, spleen, anterior pituitary, bone marrow

What are the other lymphoid tissues?

Thymus, spleen, red bone marrow, Peyer’s patches, tonsils, other M.A.L.T types

What are the two biggest lymphatic vessels

Right lymphatic duct

• right upper body and head

Thoracic duct

• rest of body and head

What vein goes all the way from ankle to the thigh, and is on the medial side?

Great saphenous vein

What does the great saphenous vein then merge to?

Femoral vein

Where do the femoral and great saphenous vein meet?

Femoral triangle

What are the two biggest veins that join to form the internal iliac

Superior gluteal veins and inferior gluteal veins

What veins merge to form the inferior vena cava?

Internal and external common iliac

Why do we have extra backup pathways for veins?

Just in case a pathway is blocked, we have backups to help us drain the blood

The inferior mesenteric vein is a tributary of which vein?

Splenic vein

Hepatic vein is made by which two veins merging?

Inferior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

Why do we want the spleen to drain from the liver first?

• Stomach absorbs lots of nutrients, pharmaceutical drugs and other things and then goes into the small intestine

• This goes into the venous blood

• We take it to the liver to filter out excess nutrients and toxins

What does the portal vein also supply to the liver

• oxygen because the liver has too much blood circulating

Where do we find venous sinuses?

Dura mater

The dura mater also creates which layer on the cranial vault?

Periosteal layer

What direction does most of the drainage go to in the skull?

Back of the skull

Why is the median cubital vein prefered for venipuncture?

It is more superficial compared to other veins, less painful, and does not move when a needle is inserted

What does the vena azygous link to veins to?

Inferior vena cava to superior vena cava

What are the basic function of splenic nodes?

Blood filtration

Where does the ascending aorta begin?

Aortic semilunar (ASL) valves

What are the first two branches of the ascending aorta?

Right coronary artery

• under right cusp of ASL valve

Left coronary artery

• Under left cusp of ASL valve

Where is the heart contained?

Middle inferior mediastinum section

Where does the ascending aorta finish at?

Transverse thoracic plane (manubriosternal joint)

What level does the arch of the aorta finish at?

Bottom of T4 vertebral body

Where does the descending thoracic aorta begin?

T4 - T5 IVD height

Where does the thoracic aorta end?

T12/ aortic hiatus

What are the three main planes of branches from the descending thoracic aorta?

Anterior, lateral, posterio-lateral

What two veins make up the superior vena cava?

R. and l. brachiocephalic veins

What veins make up the inferior vena cava?

R. and l. common iliac veins

What does the left gonadal vein drain into?

Left renal vein

What does the right gonadal vein drain into?

Inferior vena cava

Please label

Please label the lymph nodes

Where is the most common site of metastasis in the breast and why?

Axillary lymph nodes as they do most of the lymphatic drainage in the breast

What % of our blood is situated in the veins at any given time?

65 - 70%

Purpose of lymphatics?

Collecting the fluid that leaks out, cleaning it and then bringing it back

In the carotid sinus, what are the two receptors and what are there functions?

Baroreceptors - tells about blood pressure

Chemoreceptors - blood composition

• also tells whether we have enough oxygen or low levels of carbon dioxide

What does the plantar arch and dorsal venous arch collect?

Venous blood from the toes, tarsals and metatarsals

The anterior and posterior tibial vein and fibula vein are wrapped up in what?

Fibrous connective tissue

The common tibial vein is formed through what three veins?

Anterior tibial vein, posterior tibial vein, alongside fibula vein

What is a varicose vein?

A prominent vein due to valves swelling and they stop working

What structure drains the entire pelvic region?

Internal iliac vein

Differences of veins between genders?

Uterine veins drain into the uterus - only for females

Prostatic veins drain into the prostate - only for men

Apart from the pelvic cavity, where can veins also drain into?

Obturator foramen (obturator veins)

What is this structure?

What is this structure

Label the glands of the mammary gland