Skeletal and Muscular System Flashcards

Flashcards to review the functions, components, movements, and disorders of the skeletal and muscular systems.

The 5 functions of the skeletal system

support, movement, protection, storage and blood cell production

The bones that make up a axial skeleton is

skull, vertebrae, sternum and rib

The bones that make up a appendicular skeleton

clavicle, scapula, humorous, radius, ulna, pelvis, femur, patella, fibula, tibia

what are the 4 different shapes of bones and explain what they are like

long, short ,flat, irregular.

Long bones are longer than they are wide,

short bones are cubed shaped,

flat bones are found as broad flat plate bone,

Irregular bones are complex shapes

When does bone growth occur and explain the process of it and what the body needs

Bone growth occurs at the EPIPHYSEAL PLATES, bone starts off as cartilage,

the cartilage becomes calcified when calcium is added to it, the cartilage cell die and are replaced with osteocytes,

bone formation then continues until only a small band of cartilage remains.

The body needs calcium, Vitamin D

What are the three types of joints and examples of them

Fibrous ( fixed) Between the bones of the skull

Cartilaginous (slightly moveable) Between the ribs and sternum

Synovial (freely moveable) Hips, shoulders and knee

The 6 different types of synovial joints

Ball and Socket, Hinge, pivot, Gliding, Saddle and Condyloid.

Explain what ball and socket is

Ball and socket allows movement in all directions like hip and shoulder

Explain what a hinge is

the hinge joints allows flexion or extension movements like elbow and knee

Explain what a pivot is

Pivot allows rotational movement between the 1^st and 2^nd vertebrae

What is gliding

Gliding allows movement in a side to side or a back and forth motion like wrist or ankle

What is a saddle

Saddle allows both side to side or a back and forth movement like a thumb

What is a condyloid

Condyloid allows movement in two directions, side to side or flexion and extension an example of this is Wrist or between phalanges. 

What is a disorder of bones

Disorder of bones and joints is various conditions that affect skeletal and connective tissues, leading to pain, reduced mobility, and potential deformities 

Describe the movement of muscles in an antagonist pair

The movement of muscles in an antagonistic pair is when the one muscle contracts and the other one relaxes causing it to be an antagonistic pair.

An example of this the bicep and triceps. 

What are flexor muscles

Flexor are muscles that bend a limb

What are extensor muscles

extensors are muscles that straighten a limb

What is a origin muscle

the end of a muscle that is joined by a stationary bone is the origin

What is an insertion muscle

when a muscle that is joined to the moving bone

What is an synergist muscle

synergist are muscles that help indirectly in stabilising a joint during a movement

What are Fixators muscle

Fixators are muscles that stabilises the origin of a muscle that is working. 

Explain the microscopic structure of a muscle

The microscopic structure of a muscle is when there are muscles cells that are called fibre and are held together in bundles

they bundles are held together by a layer of connective tissue which allows bundles to slide over each other,

the connective tissue of each bundle join each other, and taper towards the end of the muscle, which form a tendon. 

What happens when a muscle contracts

When a muscle contracts, the thick and thin myofilaments slide past each other, and come closer together, this action shortens the muscle, which in turn pulls on the bones to create movement. 

Describe the common sporting injuries

Common sporting injuries consist of strains and sprains, dislocation and fractures.

How do you treat a sprain and strain.

To treat a strain and sprain you need to follow the code word RICE, Rest patient, apply Icepack for 15 minutes every two hours, apply a Compression bandage , Elevate the injured part .

How do you treat a fracture

For fractures and dislocations you need to apply first aid to the situation like controlling any bleeding, immobilise joints with bandages, do not attempt to force it back into place.