Time Period 4: 1900-Present

Terms I don't know..

Treaty of Versailles

The treaty that officially ended World War I, signed in 1919, which imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

Bolshevik

Marxist Group led by Vladimir Lenin – Took over Russia in the 1917 Russian Revolution – Became the Communist Party, formed in the Soviet

CCP (Chinese Communist Party)

A political party founded in 1921 by Mao Zedong, which led the communist revolution in China, resulting in the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.

Five-Year Plan

An economic plan instituted by the Soviet Union, first introduced in 1928, aimed at rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture.

Appeasement

Giving in to avoid going to war

Nuremberg Laws

The Nuremberg Laws were antisemitic laws enacted in 1935 in Nazi Germany that institutionalized racial discrimination against Jews, stripping them of citizenship and various rights.

Nanking Massacre

A mass killing and wartime atrocity committed by Japanese troops against the residents of Nanking, China, in 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Total War

A war where entire nations are involved - examples like World War 1 and World War 2

The New Deal

A series of programs and reforms enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the 1930s to address the Great Depression and promote economic recovery. Focused on the 3 R’s - Relief – Recovery – Reform 

Balfour Declaration

A statement issued by the British government in 1917 expressing support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine.

Containment

U.S. Cold War policy to stop the spread of Communism

MAD (Mutual Assured Destruction)

A military strategy during the Cold War where both superpowers would cause unacceptable damage to each other in the event of a nuclear war, thereby deterring direct conflict.

Marshall Plan

A U.S. initiative launched in 1948 to provide economic aid to Western European countries to help rebuild their economies after World War II and prevent the spread of Communism.

Red Scare

A period of intense fear of communism in the United States, characterized by government actions against suspected communists and leftist influences.

Partition

The division of a territory into separate political entities, notably the separation of India and Pakistan in 1947 due to religious and cultural differences.

Detente

Cold war easing of tensions in the 1970s

SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

Negotiations between the US and the USSR aimed at limiting nuclear weapons during the Cold War.

Tiananmen Square

A 1989 pro-democracy protest in Beijing, China, where demonstrators were met with a violent military crackdown.

Multinational Corps

Firms that operate in multiple countries, managing production and sales across different national markets.

NAFTA

A trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States established to eliminate trade barriers and promote economic cooperation among the three nations.

Arab Spring

A series of anti-government protests and uprisings across the Arab world beginning in 2010, demanding political reform and greater freedoms.

Weimar Republic

The democratic government founded in Germany after World War I, characterized by significant political and economic challenges, leading to its eventual collapse.

May 4th Movement

Chinese nationalist - anti-imperialist protests by students - helped the rise of communism in China.

IRA (Irish Republic Army)

A paramilitary organization that fought for Irish independence from British rule, particularly active during the 20th century.

Glasnost and Perestroika

Reforms by Mikhail Gorbachev in the USSR – Glasnost means openness, so freedom of speech, and Perestroika means restructuring economic reform – this failed to save the USSR, so it led to its collapse  

UNICEF

United Nations Children's Fund, established to provide humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide.