Sports Medicine EOPA Review

dr bush's longer review

SMART goals

Specific

Measurable

Attainable

Relevant

Time-bound

Correct Mouth Guard Fit

Mouth Guard:

Tight fit

Can breathe easily

Can communicate clearly

SMART goals

Specific

Measurable

Attainable

Relevant

Time-bound

Correct Mouth Guard Fit

Mouth Guard:

Tight fit

Can breathe easily

Can communicate clearly

Incorrect Mouth Guard Fit

Mouth Guard:

Loose fit

Rigid, hard material

Speech is impeded

Glenohumeral Joint

Name of the ball-and-socket joint of the upper extremity.

Bones of the Glenohumeral (shoulder) Joint

Scapula (socket)

Humerus (ball)

Movements of the glenohumeral joint

flexion/extension

abduction/adduction

medial/lateral rotation

circumduction

Impingement Syndrome

AKA swimmer's shoulder

Pinching of the rotator cuff (supraspinatus tendon) in the subacromial space

Typically caused by repetitive overhead activities--swimming, overhead throwing

Impingement Syndrome Signs & Symptoms

Weakness of supraspinatus

Point tenderness of the glenohumeral joint

Positive Hawkins-Kennedy special test

Lateral Epicondylitis

AKA tennis elbow

Overuse of the forearm/wrist extensor muscles

Lateral Epicondylitis Signs & Symptoms

Aching pain on lateral elbow

Weakness in hand and wrist

Point tenderness over lateral epicondyle of humerus

Decreased elbow range of motion

Proper Helmet Protocol for Neck/Spine Injury

A properly fitting helmet should remain in place

Face mask should be removed to allow airway access

Concussion Signs & Symptoms

Headache

Dizziness

Confusion

Memory loss

Light sensitivity

Female Athlete Triad

disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis

Aerobic Exercise Definition

Exercise that is of the right intensity and duration to allow primary aerobic metabolism to supply energy needs.

Improves cardiorespiratory fitness

Aerobic Exercise Examples

Distance Running (cross country, marathons)

Distance Swimming

Hiking

Anaerobic Exercise Definition

Exercise activity instensity and/or duration is too high to allow for aerobic metabolism. Body must rely on primarily anaerobic metabolism.

Improves ability to work without oxygen.

Anaerobic Activity Examples

Sprinting

Olympic Weight Lifting

Jumping

Open Chain Exercise definition

Distal limb (hand or foot) is not fixed to a stationary object during movement

Open Chain Exercise examples

Leg Curls

Biceps Curls

Knee Extension (machine)

Bench press

Military press

Closed Chain Exercise definition

Distal limb (hand or foot) is fixed to a stationary object during movement

Closed Chain Exercise examples

Squats

Lunges

Push-Ups

Pull-Ups

Recommended Pregame Meal

Foods that are easily & quickly digested (low-fat, high complex carb)

Meal is eat 3-4 hours before event

Isometric Exercise definition

Force is exerted vs a resistance, but there is no movement or change in muscle length

Isometric Exercise examples

Quad sets/hamstring sets

Gluteus squeezes

Ball squeezes between legs

Isotonic Exercise definition

Involves both concentric(shortening) and eccentric(lengthening) of the muscle action. Force/Resistance is fixed; length and speed will vary.

Isotonic Exercise examples

Squats

Dead Lifts

Biceps curls

Isokinetic Exercise definition

dynamic muscle contractions during which the speed of the movement is controlled at constant angular velocity, regardless of amount of force exerted.

Bod Pod or Air Displacement

Measuring body mass using volume of air in a chamber

Similar to hydrostatic weighing.

Most accurate body mass measurement

Muscular Hypertrophy

Enlargement of skeletal muscle fibers in response to overcoming force from high volumes of tension

Muscular Atrophy

a wasting away of muscles because of progressive loss of muscle tissue due to disuse or denervation; seen after being in a cast

Sagittal Body Plane

divides the body into left and right parts

Midsagittal Body Plane

Divides the body into EQUAL left and right parts

Frontal Body Plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

Transverse Body Plane

cuts body into superior & inferior (top & bottom) portions

Oblique Body Plane

other than at a right angle

Purpose of prophylactic taping

Aid in the prevention of injuries

Safe weight loss rate

1-2 pounds per week

Establishing Negligence

-Duty of care exists injured individual and person responsible for injury

-Conduct of defendant fell short of that duty of care

-Defendant caused injury to occur

-Personal property or punitive damages resulted

Malpractice definition

is one type of negligence and often referred to as professional negligence. When nursing care falls below a standard of care, nursing _______________ results.

Dorsiflexion

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

Plantar Flexion

bends the foot downward at the ankle

Supination

movement that turns the palm up

Pronation

turning the palm downward

Adduction (shoulder)

lower arm sideways and across body as far as possible

Adduction (hip)

moving thigh medially toward mid-line of body

Abduction (shoulder)

moving the arm away from the mid-line of the body

Abduction (hip)

moving thigh laterally away from mid-line of body

MRSA

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus; bacterial infection; treated with antibiotics

Ringworm

Fungal infection of the skin

Tinea corporis

Treated with antifungals

Eczema

Noncontagious skin rash that produces itching, blistering, and scaling

Impetigo

bacterial skin infection; very contagious

pustules that become crusted

treated with antibiotics

20 minutes

Optimal length of time for an ice treatment

medial to lateral

Direction for stirrups in ankle taping

Bargaining

Stage of Grief: asking for a miracle

Stages of Grief

Denial

Anger

Bargaining

Depression

Acceptance

Wrist flexion muscles

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor carpi radialis

Wrist Extensor muscles

extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

extensor carpi ulnaris

Physical Therapist (PT)

a medical professional who attempts to reduce dysfunction in the musculoskeletal system by improving joint mobility, muscle strength, balance, and coordination; also called a physiotherapist

exercise physiologist

A specialist who works under a physician's supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.

chiropractor (DC)

diagnose and treat patients with injuries involving the bones, muscles and nerves by manipulating the alignment of the vertebral column

Strength and Conditioning Specialist

professionals who apply scientific knowledge to train athletes for the primary goal of improving athletic performance.

orthopedic surgeon

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

athletic trainers (ATs)

Frequently work under the guidance of a sports medicine physician, Prevent and treat athletic injuries, Provide rehabilitative services to athletes, Assess the physical condition of athletes

elastic wrap

Woven fabric bandage that allows for expansion and contraction of the area to which it is applied. Used to provide either compression or support to an injured area

pain with external rotation

Glenohumeral Joint Dislocation

Pain with overhead activity

Impingement Syndrome

Pain in wrist extensors

Lateral Epicondylitis

pain at the end of the clavicle

AC separation (AC joint sprain)

Pain in wrist flexors

Medial Epicondylitis

Types of Stretching

static, dynamic, ballistic, PNF

Ergonomic Aids

substances used to improve exercise and athletic performance

Ergonomic aids can harm the body

Why are ergonomic aids illegal in most cases?

Low resistance & high reps

What resistance to reps ratio is best for improving muscular endurance?

High resistance & low reps

What resistance to reps ratio is best for improving muscular strength?

Actin & Myosin

What are the two myofilaments that create muscle contraction?

It shortens

What happens to the length of the sarcomere when the muscle contracts?

Trapezius

Teres minor

Deltoid

Latissiumus Dorsi

triceps brachii

Humerus

Scapula

Clavicle

Acromion

Glenohumeral joint

acromioclavicular joint

Subscapularis

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Tibia

Fibula

lateral meniscus

medial meniscus

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

Femur

Patella