Period 7B Vocabulary

Red scare

A period of heightened fear of communism in the United States, particularly in the late 1940s and 1950s, characterized by government actions against suspected communists.

Palmer Raids

A series of government raids conducted in 1919 and 1920 to capture and deport radical leftists and anarchists in the United States, often targeting immigrants.

assembly line

Ford revolutionized the efficiency of manufacturing by mechanically moving the semi-finished product from work station to work station, which made assembly faster, cheaper and with less labor.

economic prosperity

Economic prosperity signifies a state of thriving wealth and well-being within an economy, characterized by high levels of employment, income growth, and a robust standard of living. 

modernism

range of influences-role of women, social gospel movements, and scientific knowledge in shaping cultural and social changes, often leading to conflict between new ideas and established norms.

traditionalism

protestant preachers, condemned modernists and taught that every word in Bible was true

scopes trial

debate between religious fundamentalists and moderns, Clarence Darrow is the lawyer

Sacco and vanzetti

In 1920 these two men were convicted of murder and robbery. They were found guilty and died in the electric chair unfairly

18th amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

lost generation

Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe

harlem renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

teapot dome

A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921

black tuesday

October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression.

overproduction

A condition in which production of goods exceeds the demand for them

Hawley-smoot tariff

charged a high tax for imports thereby leading to less trade between America and foreign countries along with some economic retaliation

bonus march

Event when nearly 17,000 veterans marched on Washington in 1932, to demand the military bonuses that they had been promised; this group was eventually driven from their camp city by the U.S army; increased the public perception that the Hoover administration cared little about the poor.

new deal

relief for people out of work, recovery for business and economy, and reform of American economic institution

fireside chats

Roosevelt would go on the radio discussing the problems and telling the people the plan on how to fix them

public works administration

allowed money to state and local govt. for building roads, bridges, dams, and other public work

emergency banking relief act

gave the President power over the banking system and set up a system by which banks would be reorganized or reopened

federal deposit insurance corporation

the government agency that insures customer deposits if a bank fails

social security act

created a federal insurance program based upon the automative collection of payments from working

court-reorganization plan

Where FDR tried to add more members to the Supreme Court to pass his programs.

dust bowl

Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.

okies

the farmers, who in the Great Depression, were forced to move, many moved to Oklahoma

kellogg-briand pact

renounced the aggressive use of force to achieve national ends

reparations

germany was ordered to pay fines to allies to repay costs of war

Dawes plan (1924)

established a cycle of payments flowing from u.s. to Germany and from Germany to allies

fascism

government characterized by strict social and economic control and strong central govt.

appeasement

allowed hitler to get away with relatively small acts of aggression and espansion

blitzkrieg

intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory

isolatioinism

belief that the u.s. should refrain from inclement in overseas politics, alliance, or wars

quarantine speech

internation "quarantine of the aggressor nations" as an alternative to political climate of America neutrality

lend-lease act

ending cash-and-carry req. of neutrality act

atlantic charter

affirmed that general principle for a sound peace after war would include self-determination

pearl harbor

naval base in Hawaii was attacked by Japanese aircraft because u.s. cut off oil trade

war production board

established to manage war industries

Manhattan project

A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb.

double v

victory of fascism abroad and victory at home, African americans

braceros

temporary residents in the u.s., Mexican americans

internment camps

Detention centers where more than 100,000 Japanese Americans were relocated during World War II by order of the President.

korematsu v. united states

1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 to each survivor.

rosie the riveter

A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part.

Dwight d eisenhower

leader of the Allied forces in Europe during WW2--leader of troops in Africa and commander in DDay invasion-elected president-president during integration of Little Rock Central High School

d-day

Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944

holocaust

mass murder of Jews by Nazi Germany

battle of midway

1942 World War II battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific

island hopping

A military strategy used during World War II that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others

kamikaze

pilots made suicide attacks on u.s. ships

hiroshima and nagasaki

bomb used to force Japan to surrender and end war

yalta conference

allies would divide Germany into occupation zones, Germany would lose 1/4 Poland territory

united nations

organizations to promote international peace and security, millions of new jobs