Renal Calculi (Nephrolithiasis) Vocabulary

Flashcards defining the key terms, types, causes, and treatments associated with renal calculi (nephrolithiasis).

Renal Calculi

Also known as nephrolithiasis, a condition involving kidney stones, which include calcium oxalate, uric acid, cysteine, and struvite types.

Calcium Oxalate Stones

The most common type of renal calculi, caused by a high protein diet leading to high calcium levels in the urine.

Thiazide Diuretics

A type of medication used in managing calcium oxalate stones that lowers calcium levels in the urine.

Uric Acid Stones

The 2nd most common type of renal calculi, caused by metabolic syndrome, gout, and a high protein diet.

Allopurinol

A medication indicated for uric acid stones that lowers uric acid levels.

Febuxostat

A medication indicated for uric acid stones that lowers uric acid levels.

Low Purine Diet

A dietary regimen recommended for individuals with uric acid stones.

Cysteine Stones

A type of renal calculi caused by genetic disorders such as cystinuria, leading to a build up of cysteine in the urine.

D-penicillamine

The drug of choice used to treat cysteine stones.

Struvite Stones

A type of renal calculi associated with UTIs (urinary tract infections), treated with antibiotics and surgery.