Chapter 5: Formations of Ions and Bonding

Covalent

Covalent

________ bonding happens in compounds of non- metals and in non- metal elements.

Dot

________ and cross diagrams are useful for showing how ionic compounds are formed, but they dont show the structure of the compounds, the size of the ions or how theyre arranged.

oxygen atom

A(n) ________ is in Group 6 so it gains 2 electrons to form an oxide ion with the same electronic structure as neon.

chlorine atom

A(n) ________ is in Group 7 so it gains 1 electron to form a chloride ion with the same electronic structure as argon.

electron

Each ________ is represented by a dot or a cross.

Na+

The ________ and Cl- ions are held together in a regular lattice.

Ions

________ are charged particles- they can be single atoms or groups of atoms.

sodium atom

A(n) ________ is in Group 1 so it loses 1 electron to form a sodium ion with the same electronic structure as a neon.

single covalent bond

Each ________ provides one extra shared electron for each atom.

magnesium atom

A(n) ________ is in Group 2 so it loses 2 electrons to form a magnesium ion with the same electronic structure as neon.

non metal atoms

When ________ bond together, they share pairs of electrons to make covalent bonds.

negative ions

Group 6 and 7 elements are non- metals and they gain electrons to form ________ (anions)

Dot

________ and cross diagrams show the arrangement of electrons in an atom or ion.

chlorine atom

The ________ picks up the electron, becoming a Cl- ion.

oxygen atom

The ________ picks up the two electrons, becoming an 02- ion.

sodium atom

The ________ gives up its outer electron, becoming an Na+ ion.

magnesium atom

The ________ gives up its two outer electrons, becoming an Mg2+ ion.

Group 6 elements form 2

ions

Group 7 elements form 1

ions

Cl + e

• cl-

O + 2e

• O2-

The chlorine atom picks up the electron, becoming a Cl

ion

The two chlorine atoms picks up one electron each, becoming two Cl

ions

The oxygen atom picks up the two electrons, becoming an 02

ion

The Na+ and Cl

ions are held together in a regular lattice