Lecture 1

Membrance bound vesicles

________ found exclusively in animal cells.

Nuclear pore

________ complex- through which materials move into and out of the nucleus.

Organisms

________ that have cells that contain a well- defines nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

VIRUSES

________ ARE NOT CELLS because they are not self sufficient and needs a host to survive.

rigidity

Functions to provide strength and ________, maintain cell shape, cell motility, intercallular motility of organelles and chromosomes during mitosis.

Obtain Food Energy

________- Finding it, Taking it in, converting it into something usable.

Enzymes

________ in the matrix and on cristae convert glucose to CO2 and H20 releasing ATP.

genetic programs

Diversity in cell types arise due to differences in ________, context, and environment.

Thermophiles

________- can not grow below 90C.

Eukaryotic cells

________ contain many mitochondria, up to 25 % cytoplasmic volume.

Cilia

________ and flagella contain a bundle of microtubules.

Nuclear

________ matrix- composed of intermediate filaments called lamin and associated proteins- provides structural support.

Acidic pH

________ help to denature proteins, making them accessible to the action of the lysosomal hydrolases.

Lysosomes

________ form closed compartments in which the composition of the lumen differs substantially from that of the surrounding cytosole.

Maintenance Repair

________: of various parts of the cells.

hydrolases

Contrains a group of enzymes (________) that degrade polymers into their monomeric subunits.

Virus membranes

________ (when they have membranes) are stolen from cells.

Cells

________ are organized and packed.

structural integrity of cells

Contain a network of cytoskeletal proteins that are important for the ________ anda cts as highways to move components.

Humans

________ have more bacteria than actually human cells but the bacteria only makes up about 1- 3 % of body mass.

lysosomal

The ________ hydrolases work most efficiently at acidic pH levels.

membrane

The outer ________ is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum.

lumen of lysosomes

The ________ have an acidic pH of 5.

Viruses

________ are made of capsid proteins surrounding nucleic acids.

Cells

________ are broadly classified into two types of cells: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

Obtain Food/Energy

Finding it, Taking it in, converting it into something usable

Adjust and adapt to the Environment

Keep bad things out and good things in

Reproduction

Requires a lot more energy, getting the correct content into the daughter cells

Fulfill specializes functions

neurons send/receive signal

Communication

within the cells and with other cells

Maintenance/Repair

of various parts of the cells

Cells are broadly classified into two types of cells

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Thermophiles

cannot grow below 90C

Nucleolus

site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and assembly of ribosome components

Nucleoplasm

non nucleolar regions of nucleus

Bound by two membranes

the inner and outer membrane

Nuclear pore complex

through which materials move into and out of the nucleus

Includes

nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, Lysosome, Vacuoles, Vesicles, Endosomes, Plasms Membrane

Rough ER

studded with membrane bound ribosomes

Smooth ER

lacks ribosomes

Outer

large pores allow molecules to move from the cytosol to the intermembrance space

Inner

many cristae infoldings into the central aqueous matrix compartment increase the membrane surface area