CDI 315 Quiz 1

Speed

how fast something is moving; relationship of distance and time

velocity

speed with a direction

uniform motion

when an object moves at a constant speed in a straight line

acceleration

the rate of change of velocity over time

inertia

the tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion

momentum

how hard it is to stop something that’s moving; product of mass and velocity

work

when a force is used to move something over a distance; the product of force and distance

3 States of matter

solid, liquid, gas

solid

a state of matter that has its own shape and volume at a constant temperature

liquid

a state of matter that takes the shape of it’s container and has constant volume

gas

a state of matter that has no definite shape or volume and expands to fill its container.

wave

a disturbance that travels though a medium to transport energy

types of periodic wave

transverse and longitudinal

transverse waves

particles move perpendicular to the wave’s motion

longitudinal waves

particles move parallel to the wave’s motion

sound wave (type)

longitudinal wave

periodic sound

repeating pattern

aperiodic sounds

do not have a repeating pattern

properties of sound waves

frequency, intensity, wavelength

frequency

how many times air molecules vibrate each second (Hz)

intensity

power of a sound wave (dB)

wavelength

the distance a wave travels during one cycle

fundamental frequency

lowest frequency of the pure tones that make up the complex tone

incident wave

original wave

reflected wave

bounces back from incident wave

resonance

when an object vibrates more strongly at its natural frequency

affects the natural frequency of an object

mass, stiffness, size

harmonics

higher resonant frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency

first harmonic

equal to fundamental frequency

second harmonic

two times fundamental frequency

third harmonic

three times fundamental frequency

free vibrations

when an object vibrates on its own

forced vibration

when another vibrating object makes another object vibrate

resonator

object that is forced into vibration by another vibrating object

boyle’s law

when a gas is compressed, it’s pressure rises and forces air out

lungs location

housed in the thoracic cavity

lungs are made of

90% air, 10% tissue; no muscle

inhalation

ribs expand up and out, diaphragm lowers, increasing lung volume

exhalation

the ribs move down and in, the diaphragm relaxes and moves up, decreasing lung volume.

force

a push or pull that can cause a change in an object’s motion

Newton’s first law

an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an outside force; law of inertia

Newton’s second law

the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass; often expressed as F=ma.

Newton’s third law

For every action (force), there is an equal and opposite reaction (force)

energy

the ability to do work

kinetic energy

the energy of motion

potential energy

stored energy that has the potential to do work

power

the rate at which work is done

surface tension

the force that pulls molecules on the surface of a liquid downward

pulse wave

a single disturbance that travels through a medium and does not repeat

compressions

air particles are compressed tightly together

rarefactions

air particles are separate

constructive interference

when two waves are in phase, reinforcing each other and resulting in a combined wave with greater intensity

destructive interference

when two waves are out of phase, canceling each other out and resulting in silence

standing wave

formed in a closed system when a wave is reflected back and interferes with the incident wave, appearing to stand still

Nodes

point in a standing wave where no vibration occurs

antinodes

point in a standing wave with the largest amplitude of vibration

muscles involved in inhalation

diaphragm and external intercostals

muscles involved in exhalation

internal intercostal muscles

rate of quiet breathing

inhalation is 40%, exhalation is 60%

rate of speech breathing

inhalation 10% exhalation 90%

clavicular breathing

the overuse of the chest and neck muscles to breathe

diaphragmatic breathing

involves the diaphragm, promoting deeper inhalation and more efficient oxygen exchange for speaking or singing