Honors Chemistry: Matter, Measurement, and Error Analysis Quiz

Accuracy

The closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value.

Precision

The closeness of two or more measurements to each other.

Systematic Error

An error that consistently occurs in the same direction, affecting the accuracy of measurements.

Random Error

An error that occurs unpredictably and affects the precision of measurements.

Percent Error

The difference between the measured value and the accepted value, divided by the accepted value, multiplied by 100.

Percent Difference

The absolute difference between two measurements divided by the average of those measurements, multiplied by 100.

Mega

A metric prefix meaning 10^6.

Kilo

A metric prefix meaning 10^3.

Base Units

Units of measurement without any prefix, equivalent to 10^0.

Centi

A metric prefix meaning 10^-2.

Milli

A metric prefix meaning 10^-3.

Micro

A metric prefix represented by the symbol 𝜇, meaning 10^-6.

Nano

A metric prefix meaning 10^-9.

Pico

A metric prefix meaning 10^-12.

Physical Properties

Characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing its composition.

Chemical Properties

Characteristics that describe a substance's ability to change into different substances.

Physical Change

A change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance without altering its chemical composition.

Chemical Change

A change that results in the formation of new chemical substances.

Monatomic Elements

Elements that consist of single atoms.

Diatomic Elements

Elements that consist of two atoms, which may be of the same or different elements.

Pure Substance

A material with a constant composition that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical means.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that retain their individual properties and can be separated by physical means.

Physical property

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing its identity.

Chemical property

A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into different substances.

Color change

Evidence that a chemical change may have occurred.

Fizzing or foaming

Evidence that a chemical change may have occurred.

Production of sound

Evidence that a chemical change may have occurred.

Production of heat or light

Evidence that a chemical change may have occurred.

Production of an odor

Evidence that a chemical change may have occurred.

Chemical changes

Cannot be reversed by physical changes.

Cutting hair

An example of a physical change.

Mixing sugar and water

An example of a physical change.

Baking soda reacts with vinegar

An example of a chemical change that forms a gas.

Baking cookies

An example of a chemical change.

Diamonds scratching glass

An example of a physical change.

Burning a tree

An example of a chemical change.

Water freezing

An example of a physical change.

Phase of matter with least spacing

Solid.

Phase of matter with greatest spacing

Gas.

Phase of matter without definite shape

Liquid.