Graduate School Review Cards

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

I - olfactory
II - optic
III - oculomotor
IV - trochlear
V - trigeminal
VI - adbucens
VII - facial
VIII - vestibulocochlear
IX - glossopharyngeal
X - vagus
XI - accessory
XII - hypoglossal

What is the function of CN I?

The olfactory nerve is responsible for the sense of smell

What is the function of CN II?

The optic nerve is responsible for vision

What is the function of CN III?

The oculomotor nerve is responsible for controlling most eye movements, pupil constriction, and eyelid elevation

What is the function of CN IV?

The trochlear nerve controls one eye muscle (superior oblique), for downward and outward eye movement

What is the function of CN V?

the trigeminal nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation for the face, sinuses, and teeth, and motor innervation for the chewing muscles

What is the function of CN VI?

the abducens controls one eye muscle (lateral rectus) for lateral eye movement

What is the function of CN VII?

the facial nerve is responsible for facial expressions, taste in the anterior 2/3s of the tongue, and salivation

What is the function of CN VIII?

the vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for hearing and balance

What is CN IX responsible for?

the glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for taste in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, swallowing, and saliva production

What is CN X responsible for?

the vagus nerve is responsible for the function of many visceral organs (heart, lungs, digestive tract) and speech

What is CN XI responsible for?

The accessory nerve controls the neck muscles; the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles

What is the function of CN XII?

The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for tongue movements

What are the lobes of the brain?

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

What are the functions of the occipital lobe?

What groups of muscles are involved in respiration?

Muscles of inhalation and Muscles of expiration

What do the muscles of inhalation do?

They enlarge the thoracic cavity

What are the muscles of inhalation?

Diaphragm
External Intercostals
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor

What are the attachments of the diaphragm (origins/insertions)?

Origins: Lower tip of the sternum; the first 3 or 4 lumbar vertebrae, and the lower borders and inner surfaces of the cartilages of ribs 7-12 -

insertion: all Fibers insert into a central tendon (aponeurosis of diaphragm)

What are the attachments of the external intercostals (origins and insertions)?

they run from the lip of the lower border of each rib inferiorly and medially to the upper border of the rib immediately below

What is the function of the diaphragm?

What are the attachments of the pectoralis major (origin and insertion) ?

Attachment: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle, the sternum, and the costal cartilages 1-6 or 7

insertion: all the fibers come together and insert at the greater tubercle of the humerus

What do the muscles of exhalation do?

They decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity

What are the muscles of expiration?

Internal Intercostals
Internal Obliques
External Obliques
Rectus Abdominis
Transverse Thoracic

What muscle(s) close the lips in some manner?

Orbicularis Oris

What muscle or muscles are involved in raising the upper lip?

Levator Labii Superioris
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
Zygomaticus Minor

What muscles are involved in lowering the bottom lip?

Depressor Labii Inferioris

What muscle is involved in rounding the lips?

Orbicularis Oris

What muscle or muscles are involved in protruding the lips?

Mentalis
Orbicularis Oris

What muscle or muscles retract the angles of the mouth?

Buccinator
Risorius
Zygomaticus major

What muscle or muscles are involved in raising the corners of the mouth?

Levator Anguli Oris
Zygomaticus Major

What muscle or muscles are involved in lowering the corners of the mouth?

Depressor Anguli Oris
Platysma

What muscle or muscles are invovled in raising the mandible?

Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Temporalis

What muscles are involved in lowering the mandible?

Anterior Belly of the digastric
Genioglossus
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Lateral Pterygoid

What intrinsic muscles of the tongue are responsible for changing the shape of the tongue?

Superior Longitudinal
Inferior Longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue responsible for?

they change the position of the tongue in the mouth as well as shape the tongue to some extent

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus

What are the elevator muscles of the soft palate?

Levator Palatini
Musculus Uvulae

What is the tensor muscle of the soft palate?

Tensor Palatini

What are the depressors of the soft palate?

Palatoglossus
Palatopharygeus

What are the pharyngeal constrictors?

Superior Pharyngeal constrictor
Medial Pharyngeal constrictor
Inferior Pharyngeal constrictor

What are the extrinsic elevators of the larynx?

Anterior Belly of the digastric
Posterior Belly of the digastric
Genioglossus
Geniohyoid
Hyoglossus
Mylohyoid
Medial Pharyngeal Constrictor
Stylohyoid

What are the extrinsic depressors of the larynx?

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

What are the intrinsic laryngeal sphincter muscles?

Aryepiglottis
Thyroepiglottis

What are the intrinsic abductor muscles of the larynx?

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

What are the intrinsic adductor muscles of the larynx?

Lateral cricoarytenoid
Interarytenoids
Oblique Arytenoid

What are the intrinsic tensors of the larynx?

Cricothyroid
Vocalis