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Politics
The negotiations between the state and civil society centered around power with the intention of building shared life.
Legitimacy
The perception by the state that it is authorized and justified in its governance.
Legibility
The desire for society to be clear and understandable to the state.
Civil Society
The realm apart from the state, consisting of voluntary associations and activities.
Public Sphere
A space where dialogue occurs that critiques and responds to the political sphere.
Democracy
Rule by the people where power holders represent the populace.
Direct Democracy
A form of democracy where citizens directly make decisions.
Representative Democracy
A system where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
Majoritarian Electoral System
An electoral system that produces clear winners/losers and favors larger parties.
First Past the Post
An electoral system where the candidate with the most votes wins, regardless of achieving a majority.
Two-Round Voting
A system where two rounds of voting occur to determine a final winner.
Alternative Vote
An electoral system where voters rank candidates, with multiple rounds of counting to find a winner.
Single Nontransferable Vote
An electoral system allowing multiple winners in districts with multiple seats.
Proportional Electoral System
A system where legislative seats are allocated based on the percentage of votes received by each party.
Party-list
An electoral format where voters choose a party instead of individual candidates.
Single Transferable Vote
A ranked voting system where votes are transferred based on preferences until all seats are filled.
Mixed Member Majoritarian
A system with both constituency seats through First Past the Post and party seats based on proportionality.
Democratic Theory
The principle that equality and fairness are essential for legitimate representation.
Backsliding
The process of weakening democratic accountability and eroding protections for institutions.
Authoritarian Political Participation
Political engagement in a regime where power sharing is viewed as a threat.
Democratic Political Participation
Political engagement seen as a virtue where legitimacy rests upon the people.
Institutionalized Participation
Regular, formal methods of political engagement like voting and party membership.
Weber’s Iron Cage
A concept describing individuals trapped within structures that favor elite actions.
Non-Institutionalized Participation
Political actions occurring outside of formal structures, often in response to grievances.
Social Movements
Collective actions that seek to address common goals and challenges.
Ideologies
Shared beliefs and values that influence political actions and understandings.
Ideational Change
The process by which societies exchange old ideas for new ones.
Populism
A political approach that appeals to the emotions of the public to mobilize action.
Ideological Manipulation
The strategic use of ideas to maintain power or influence public perception.
Federalism
The division of power between the federal government and state governments.
Supremacy Clause
Establishes that federal law prevails in conflicts with state law.
Electoral College
A body of electors established by the Constitution for the election of the president.
Primaries
Elections held to select major party candidates for the general election.
Rational Choice Theory
The theory that individuals make votes based on self-interest and cost-benefit analysis.
Social Cleavage Structure
The divisions within society that influence voter preferences and behaviors.
Identity Politics
The political negotiation surrounding the intersection of identity and power dynamics.
Framing
The way in which political movements are presented and perceived.
Political Hope
The anticipation and belief in positive changes and actions within a democratic framework.
Climate Change Challenges
Issues like the North/South divide, political polarization, and tragedy of the commons impacting climate action.
Moral Imagination
The ability to envision complex relationships that foster creativity and acknowledge contradictions.
