Information Systems Midterm, Ch.4

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33 Terms

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Structured Information
Can be orderly facts and data, like a customer record that includes first name, last name etc.
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Semi-Structured Information
Partly structured and unstructured information, like web logs.
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Unstructured Information
Video, Audio, Sensor Data.
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Metadata
data about data, table names (Excel), field names (Access).
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Quality of Information: Accuracy
How correct or error-free the information is.
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Quality of Information: Precision
The level of detail or exactness in the information
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Quality of Information: Completeness
Whether all the needed data is present
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Quality of Information: Consistency
When the information is the same across different sources or systems.
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Quality of Information: Timeliness
How up-to-date and available the information is when needed.
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Quality of Information: Bias
Information that is influenced by personal opinion.
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Quality of Information: Duplication
When the information appears more than once, when its not supposed to be!
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Record
Actual information inside the record.
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Table
An arrangement of data!
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Field
The headers of the table.
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Data Redundancy and inconsistency
Much of the data of the File Processing Systems was redundant and inconsistent.
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Lack of Integration
The File Processing Systems struggled with bringing data over from different systems.
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Inconsistent definitions
Differences in the formatting started to creep in. Which caused issues with files, and programs in the file processing systems.
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Data Dependence
In the File Processing Systems, the maintenance was difficult because the files depended on one another.
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Good things about Database, Reduced redundancy.
The data is not redundant, and is consistent.
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Good things about Database, Integrity and accuracy
Reduced errors, and improves data quality and accuracy.
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Good things about Database, Ability to adapt to changes
Can add or modify things easily, and is flexible.
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Good things about Database, Performance and scalability
It is optimized for speed, and can handle complex queries.
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Good things about Database, Security
All data is stored and managed in one place, and has data encryption.
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One to One (1:1) Database Architecture
Ex. Each person only has one birthday
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One to Many (1:M) Database Architecture
Ex. One or more employees reporting to a manager
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Many to Many (M:M) Database Architecture
Ex. A person working on a project that has multiple people working on it as well
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Relational Database
A database that stores data in tables.
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Primary Key
A field or group of field that makes a record unique in the table.
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Foreign Key
When a primary key appears as an attribute in a different table.
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Normalization
The process of refining entities and their relationships that helps the duplication of information in the tables.
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SQL
Language for database management.
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Interactive voice response
Text-to-Speech, "Hey-"
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Data Warehouse
Central data repository containing information from multiple sources.