Group 2

State and explain the trend in atomic radius going DOWN group 2

The atomic radius of the elements increases down Group 2 from beryllium to barium.​​
Each atom gains an extra shell of electrons, which are further from the nucleus.

State and explain the trend in first ionisation energy going DOWN group 2

The first ionisation energy decreases as you go down Group 2.​​
The electron being lost is from a higher energy level​/energy level further from the nucleus​
There is more shielding​
There is weaker attraction between the outer electrons and the nucleus

State and explain the trend in melting point energy going DOWN group 2

The melting point of Group 2 metals generally decreases down the group. (Mg is the exception)​​
The strength of the metallic bonding decreases as the size of the metallic ion increases

Write an equation for the reaction of Magnesium with steam

Mg(s) + H2O(g) → MgO(s) + H2(g)

Describe any observations and write an equation for the reaction of Magnesium with cold water

reacts very slowly,
Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) → Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

Describe how the reactivity of group 2 metals with water changes as you go down the group

The vigour of the reaction increases down the group

Write an equation for the reaction of any group 2 metal with cold water, using M as the group 2 metal

M(s) + 2H2O(l) → M(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

Suggest and explain the trend in the pH of the solutions formed when group 2 metals react with water (Mg to Ba)

The pH of the solution increases from pH 10 to pH13 due to the increasing solubility of the group2 hydroxides going down the group

Describe the solubility of magnesium hydroxide in water

Sparingly soluble

What is another way of naming magnesium hydroxide and what is it used for?

Milk of Magnesia
It is an antacid (used to neutralise excess stomach acid)

How would you describe the solubility of Barium hydroxide

solubility

describe the solubility of the group 2 hydroxide (Mg to Ba)

Solubility increases down the group

What is another name for Calcium hydroxide and what is it used for?

Slaked lime
Used to raise soil pH in agriculture to ensure high level of crop production

Describe the trend in solubility of group 2 sulphates (from Mg to Ba)

Solubility DECREASES down the group

What is the name and use of Barium Sulphate in medicine

Barium Meal
Used to look at soft tissues in the digestive system by X ray

Barium Sulphate is highly toxic, why can it be swallowed for medical use with harm to the patient

It is INSOLUBLE

State the use of calcium carbonate/calcium oxide in industry

They are used to neutralise acidic gases from burning fossil fuels, such as sulphur dioxide

Magnesium is used to Extract Titanium from its Ore. The magnesium has undergone expensive extraction and purification processes. How and why does this make economic sense?

Titanium is a valuable & versatile metal used in important applications.
It is worth the cost of using Magnesium in the extraction process because of the economic value of Titanium

Magnesium is used to Extract Titanium from its Ore. Write an equation for the second step involving magnesium

TiCl4(s) + 2Mg(s) → Ti(s) + 2MgCl2(s)