BSC 111 Exam 5

Chap 43: Animal Behavior Chap 44: Population Ecology Chap 45: Community and Ecosystem Ecology Chap 46: Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere Chap 47: Conservation of Biodiversity

Scientific discoveries have provided evidence that the _____ systems are involved in behavior.

endocrine and nervous

Which of the following experiments helped B. F. Skinner develop the idea of operant conditioning?

A rat was trained to pull a lever to receive a reward of a food pellet.

Which of the following is a proximal cause that will stimulate birds to migrate?

environmental stimuli such as changes in temperature

If a person is trying to use operant conditioning on their child, they would need to

repeatedly encourage the child to perform a behavior and then reward the good behavior so the child associates the behavior with the reward.

The type of learning that is associated with an organism solving a problem without any prior experiences with the situation is called

insight learning.

Which description best explains the difference between orientation and navigation?

Orientation by birds can be achieved by using the sun or stars in order to determine the direction they should be flying. Navigation is the ability of the birds to change their direction in response to environmental clues.

Hippopotamuses perform territorial displays that include mouth opening. This is _____ communication.

visual

Primate grooming and honeybee waggle-dancing share which of these forms of communication?

tactile communication

An example of a pheromone in humans is

a chemical released by males that reduces premenstrual tension in women.

Which of the following communication methods would be most effective for a species that lives in the tropical rainforest and is active at night?

chemical

____ communication occurs within an animal societal unit.

All communications

A male leopard nuzzles the female's neck to calm her and to stimulate her willingness to mate. This is an example of _____ communication.

tactile

Which of the following is a disadvantage of maintaining a large territory?

It will be energetically expensive to control and defend the territory.

Dogs scent-mark by defecating and urinating in an area, while cats scent-mark by rubbing against objects. Both of these increase the animal's level of fitness and are examples of

territoriality.

In African tribes, polygamy, the practice of one man having several wives, is practiced. The advantage to the female is

All of the choices are advantages to the female.
(more surviving children, good food source, and help in child rearing)

How will cheetahs use pheromones to increase their foraging success?

Cheetahs will scent-mark their territory to warn other cheetahs to stay out. This will decrease their competition for food within their territory.

A female chooses a mate by

All of the choices apply.
(courtship display rituals, selecting the more aggressive and vigorous males, selecting traits that improve the chances of offspring)

Altruism is

actions of an animal that immediately benefit others rather than itself.

Which of the following statements about behavior is NOT true?

All behaviors can be explained as fixed action patterns.

(usually inherited, triggered by a stimulus, fixed action patterns are sometimes subject to modification by learning, and animals with simple nervous systems tend to respond to a stimulus with an innate behavior)

In order to train an individual through classical conditioning, the researcher must

pair the presentation of two different stimuli together.

Pavlov's well-known experiment of a dog salivating at the sound of a bell ring is an example of

classical conditioning.

Besides humans, _____ have one of the most complex languages in the animal kingdom.

bottlenose dolphins

Ants following a trail to the sugar bowl in your kitchen are doing so because of

a pheromone pathway laid down by previous ants.

Which form of communication is used by social insects to modify the behavior of the colony?

chemical communication

The making of a short-term reproductive sacrifice in order to maximize future reproductive potential is called

reciprocal altruism.

Many worker bees give their lives to save a bee hive from an attack by bears or other animals. In such cases, we now know that

These worker bees will have a reproductive benefit if the members of the hive survive.