HISTORY OF PHARMACY IN THE PHILIPPINES

16th Century

• Conquerors arrived in the Philippines (Quesada and Robles 1959).

• Herbolarios and curanderos cured illnesses of the natives.

Mid-16th Century

Missionaries arrived; Christianity was gaining ground, trying to suppress all existing superstitious practices.

1565

First military hospital established in Cebu by Legazpi, later transferred to Manila (Quesada and Robles 1959).

Practicantes de farmacia

• Missionaries arrived; Christianity was gaining ground, trying to suppress all existing superstitious practices.

• 1565: First military hospital established in Cebu by Legazpi, later transferred to Manila (Quesada and Robles 1959).

• Practicantes de farmacia became the most important personnel.

• 1577: Hospital de San Juan de Dios established with 4 practicantes de farmacia and one assistant.

• There was a lack of real doctors and pharmacists during this time.

1577

Hospital de San Juan de Dios established with 4 practicantes de farmacia and one assistant.

August 8, 1861

A document recorded that mediquillos and herbolarios were allowed to treat and help wounded Spanish soldiers.

Those willing to study pharmacy had to do so in _____ or _______:

Spain or Mexico

• During the reign of King Ferdinand VII of Spain.

Dr. Lorenzo Negrao

a Spanish pharmacist and physician, came to Manila and established Botica Boie, marking the beginning of community pharmacy in the Philippines.

Botica Boie

• The first and largest drug store in the Philippines during the 19th century, well into the 1960s.

• Founded in 1830 by Dr. Lorenzo Negrao in Manila.

• The original name of the store is not known; the name "Botica Boie" was coined only in 1867.

• In 1850, two German pharmacists, Heinrich Schmidt and Friedrich Steck, purchased the drug store from Dr. Negrao. In 1857, Steck bought Schmidt's share and assumed full ownership.

• Steck bought another rival drug store, Botica de Sta. Cruz.

• Steck became a famous figure in Manila during the latter years of the Spanish era and was known as Don Federico.

• Steck also bought Botica Sto. Cristo in Binondo and Botica de Cebu.

• For 86 years, Boie was located at 81-87 Escolta; in 1916, it moved to 95 Escolta.

• In 1938, it became a pioneer in retail, opening 3 other branches in Cebu, Iloilo, and Legaspi, Albay.

• Boie Inc. survived as a company and was recognized by the Department of Trade and Industry on October 29, 1998.

1830

Founded Botica Boie by Dr. Lorenzo Negrao in Manila

1867

The original name of the store is not known; the name "Botica Boie" was coined only in _______

1850

two German pharmacists, Heinrich Schmidt and Friedrich Steck, purchased the drug store from Dr. Negrao.

1857

Steck bought Schmidt's share and assumed full ownership.

Botica de Sta. Cruz

Steck bought another rival drug store, _________

Don Federico

Steck became a famous figure in Manila during the latter years of the Spanish era and was known as _______

Botica Sto. Cristo in Binondo and Botica de Cebu

Steck also bought ______ in Binondo and ________.

95 Escolta.

For 86 years, Boie was located at 81-87 Escolta; in 1916, it moved to ___________.

1938

Botica Boie became a pioneer in retail, opening 3 other branches in Cebu, Iloilo, and Legaspi, Albay.

October 29, 1998

• Boie Inc. survived as a company and was recognized by the Department of Trade and Industry on ________.

Other Drugstores Established in Manila

• Botica Zobel

• Botica de Binondo

• Botica de Quiapo

• Ocampo y Arevalo

• Botica Rama y Perez

• Botica Landy in Tayabas

University of Santo Tomas (UST) Faculty of Pharmacy

• The first to offer Pharmacy in the Philippines.

• Founded on May 29, 1871, by virtue of the Modification of the Moret Decree.

• July 2, 1871: UST (Bachelor of Pharmacy) began classes with only 8 students. Graduates in 1875 include Anicero Merenguel, Rosendo Garcia y Ageo, Leon Ma. Guerrero, Fernandez de Aguilar, and Tomas y Perona.

• During the Spanish regime, the course took 6 years to finish; it was reduced to 4 years under American rule. By 1926, UST was the first to accept female students.

July 2, 1871

UST (Bachelor of Pharmacy) began classes with only 8 students. Graduates in 1875 include Anicero Merenguel, Rosendo Garcia y Ageo, Leon Ma. Guerrero, Fernandez de Aguilar, and Tomas y Perona.

1926

• During the Spanish regime, the course took 6 years to finish; it was reduced to 4 years under American rule. By ________, UST was the first to accept female students.

Notable Figures in Philippine Pharmacy

• León María Guerrero y Leogardo (January 21, 1853, in Ermita, Manila)

• Antonio Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta (October 29, 1866 – June 5, 1899)

León María Guerrero y Leogardo (January 21, 1853, in Ermita, Manila)

• A writer, revolutionary leader, politician, the first licensed pharmacist in the Philippines, and one of the most eminent botanists of his time.

Antonio Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta (October 29, 1866 – June 5, 1899)

• An Ilocano born in Manila, a Filipino pharmacist, and a general who fought in the Philippine-American War.

Manuel A. Zamora

• A Filipino chemist and pharmacist best known for his discovery of the tiki-tiki formula against beriberi.

• Graduated from UST in 1896.

• Opened his own drugstore and laboratory at 928 Hidalgo Street in Quiapo, Manila, in 1908.

• Developed the tiki-tiki formula in 1909.

Research Works by Manuel A. Zamora

• "Materia Farmaceutica Animal y Mineral" (1891-1892)

• "Materia Farmaceutica Animal Vegetal" (1893-1894)

• "Estudio Farmacologico de la Areca Cateru y Determinacion de Uno o Varios de sus Alkaloides"

• "Purificacion de mil Granos del Acido Sulfurico del Comercio"

Medicinal Cures by Manuel A. Zamora

• Vino ye

• Vino yodo-tanico fosfatado Zamora

• Vino estimulante nutritivo

• Vino estimulante nutrivino con tiki-tiki Zamora

• Gonorrema Zamora

• Lustora

• Alis galis

• Mil flores pomade

• Elixir digestive estomacal

1871-1903

UST promulgated necessary regulations governing pharmacy in the years ______- ______

July 21, 1893

Gov. D. Francisco de la Torre permitted mediquillos, herbolarios, and vacunaderos who were practitioners in the military hospital to treat and cure diseases of the natives (Rodriguez 1958).

Ordinance 12

Regulated pharmacy practice.

January 26, 1903

Act 597 was approved by the Philippine Civil Commission on ___________, regulating pharmacy practice in the Philippines.

1904:

Escuela de Farmacia de Liceo de Manila was established on _________, later becoming the Manila College of Pharmacy, now known as the Manila Central University.

June 5, 1911

The date where the University of the Philippines offered a pharmacy course under the College of Liberal Arts, becoming a college in 1914.

1920

The year the Philippine Pharmaceutical Association (PPhA) was born, followed by the Federation of Junior Chapters.

September 9, 1975

The date when the Philippine Association of the Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) was organized

13 schools joined hands to achieve PACOP’s goals, including:

• National University

• Adamson University

• University of Immaculate Concepcion

• Southwestern University

• University of San Agustin

• University of the Philippines

• University of San Carlos

• Centro Escolar University

• Manila Central University

• Philippine Women’s University

• St. Louis University

• University of Sto Tomas

• University of the Visayas

Current Schools Offering Pharmacy in Cebu City

• Cebu Doctor’s University

• Cebu Institute of Technology University

• Southwestern University

• University of San Carlos

• University of Southern Philippines

• University of the Visayas