Chapter 1 Introduction to human communication

intrapersonal communication

the process of using messages to generate meaning within the self

interpersonal communication

The process of using messages to generate meaning between at least two people in a situation that allows mutual opportunities for both speaking and listening.

Communication

The process of using messages to generate meaning.

Process

An activity, an exchange, or a set of behabiors that occurs over time.

meaning

The understanding of the message

source

a message initiator

receiver

a message target

message

The verbal or nonverbal form of the idea, thought, or feeling that one person (the source) wishes to communicate to another person or a group of people (the receivers).

channel

The means by which a message moves from the source to the receiver of a message.

feedback

The receiver's verbal and nonverbal response to the source's message.

code

A systematic arrangement of symbols used to create meanings in the mind of another person or persons.

verbal codes

symbols and their grammatical arrangement, such as languages

Nonverbal codes

messages consisting of symbols that are not words, including nonword vocalizations

encoding

the process of translating an idea or thought into a code.

decoding

the process of assigning meaning to the idea or thought in a code.

noise

Any interference in the encoding and decoding processes that reduces message clarity.

situation

The location where communication takes place.

dialogue

the act of taking part in a conversation, discussion, or negotiation.

context

A set of circumstances or a situation.

Dyadic communication

two-person communication

small group communication

the process of using messages to generate meaning in a small group of people

public communication

the process of using messages to generate meaning; in a situation in which a single source transmits a message to a number of receivers.

mass communication

The process of using messages to generate meanings in a mediated system, between a source and a large number of unseen receivers.

media convergence

The unification of separate channels of communication through new communication technology.

technological convergence

The consolidation of voice, data, video, audio, and other channels of communication through smartphones and other devices.

synchronous communication

The instantaneous sending and receiving of messages, as occurs in face-to-face or some text-message interactions.

asynchronous communication

Interactions in which there is a small or even substantial delay, as occurs with e-mail or discussion-board posts.

communication competence

the ability to effectively exchange meaning through a common system of symbols or behavior.

ethics

a set of moral principles or values

According to The Huffington Post, why is this a good time to study communications?

Communication studies is well suited for current trends in digital and social media interactions.

Ford and Wolvin (1993), in their study based on responses from 344 participants, found that college students who completed a communication course experienced which of the following results? Check all that apply.

1-They were better at reasoning with people and using language appropriately.

2-They had more self-confidence.

3-They felt more comfortable with others's perceptions of them.

Improving the way other see you is an important benefit of studying communication comprehensively, because it means you can manage.

the impression you make on others.

The statement, "Studying communication can increase what you know about human relationships," holds true because you will learn about how people _ and which type of communication is _.

relate to each other; appropriate for a given situation.

True or False: It is better to study communication late in your college career rather than early in your college career.

False

Which of the following are examples of freedom of speech being practiced in a democratic society?

1- people speaking publicly about current issues

2- people discussing and criticizing political messages.

Employment advertisements seeking _ provide credence to the statement that "studying communication can help you succeed professionally".

good communicators

The "ability to navigate an increasingly diverse world" is an important benefit of studying communication comprehensively because _ are becoming more common in everyday life.

multilingual communication encounters.

Which of the following are good descriptions for the term "process" as it relates to communication?

1- a set of behaviors

2- an activity

3- an exchange

The characteristics associated with _, such as age, gender, and cultural background, can influence the process of communication as people attempt to negotiate the meaning of messages.

diversity

During communication, a source conveys his or her ideas, thoughts, and feelings in a.

message

True or False: The channel used potentially influence the meaning assigned to the message.

True

The verbal and nonverbal responses of a receiver to a source's message are called

feedback

Communication code "symbols" include words, phrases, and _ that are used to evoke images, thoughts, and ideas.

sentences

The process of translating an idea or a thought into a code is called _. The process of assigning meaning or thought to that idea is called _

1- encoding

2-decoding

The act of taking part in a conversation, discussion, or negotiation is defined as a

dialogue

The principle "communications involves choices" is true, in part, because so many diferent _ are involved.

variables

One important communication principle is " communication quantity does not increase communication _".

quality

Which of the following help define the context in which a communication event takes place?

1- the relationships between the participants

2-the number of people involved

3 the building or space where communication occurs.

True or False: Intrapersonal communication involves at least two people.

False

Interpersonal communication is a means by which people

1-fulfill their social needs

2- solve problems and resolve conflicts

3-establish relationships with each other

Dyadic communication is best described as communication that takes place

between two people

Which of the following statements about small-group communication are correct?

1- The participants hace a common purpose, goal, or mission.

2- It involves more than two people.

During public communication the source _ his or her message to facilitate maximum _ by the audience.

adapts; understanding

The process of using messages to generate meanings in a mediated system between a source and a large number of unseen receivers is defined as

mass communication

What is media convergence?

the way that technology is unifying separate channels for communication

Which of the following are examples of digitally mediated communication?

1-text messages

2- e-mails

What is technological convergence?

the way in which various digital communication channels have become consolidated in our digital lives.

Which of the following are examples of synchronous communication?

1- Skyping with your boss

2- using FaceTime with your partner

3- talking to your sister face-to-face

Which factor can make communication competence difficult to achieve when you are trying to communicate with others?

having differing goals and cultures

Ethics is best defined as a set of _ principles or values.

moral

To understand the difference between theories and research, it is helpful to think of theories as

stories

The statement, "Studying communication can improve the way you see yourself," holds true because through such study

we learn about ourselves and increase our self-confidence.

One of the benefits of studying communication comprehensively is that it can help you make use of the constitutionally protected

freedom of speech

Communication is best defined as

the process of using messages to generate meaning.

The human initiator of a communication message is called the _, and the intended human target is called the _.

source; receiver

In a conversation with your best friend from high school, the language you use is a _.

code

Which of the following are examples of noise that can affect encoding or decoding?

1- a sight is distracting

2- loud sounds in the background

3- receivers who are daydreaming

Our understanding of the dialogic process is rooted in a perspective of the self and a perspective gleaned from

interacting with others

The set of circumstances and the setting or situation in which communication occurs is known as the

context

One type of interpersonal communication is called _ communication because it is the process of using messages to generate meaning in a small number of people.

small-group

Any form of communication that is conducted through new communication technology is called

digitally mediated communication

The social scientific method relies on which of the following?

1-direct evidence

2-facts

3-observations

We define communication as the process of using _ to generate meaning. Communication is considered a _ because it is an activity, an exchange, or a set of behaviors.

1-

2-process

The _ provides the different types of situations in which you communicate.

context

The _ dimension of a message is much more direct and rigid compared to the ambiguous _ dimension of the message which is often open to interpretation.

1- content

2-relational

Asynchronous communication occurs when there is a small or even substantial _ in interaction.

delay

Why is digitally mediated communication an increasingly important tool for all communicators to master?

Whether we think DMC has improved or lessened our communication skills, DMC is pervasive.

Match the type of communication situation with an example of it. (Note that the word "intrapersonal" and "interpersonal" are shortened to "intra" and "inter", respectively.)

Intra- mulling over a job offer

Inter- telling a joke to a group of friends

Public- giving a speech at a college graduation ceremony.

Mass- reporting a story on an evening news television program.

DMC- tweeting about a successful job interview.

Which of the following statements comparing various communication contexts are correct?

1- Mass communication messages are more scripted than dyadic communication

2-Digitally mediated communication has the capability to reach many more people than does public communication.

3- Public communication is more formal than intrapersonal communication.

4- Mass communication involves more people than interpersonal communication.

Why is digitally mediated communication an increasingly important tool for all communicators to master?

Whether we think DMC has improved or lessened our communication skilss, DMC is pervasive.

Which of the following statements about nonoral codes are correct?

1-nonoral codes are also nonverbal codes

2- nonoral codes include bodily movements

What is the situation in communication?

the location where communication takes place

match of the descriptions below to its corresponding Function of Human Relationshipts

1-receiving and providing warm and friendliness- (affection)

2- experiencing feelings that we belong and providing others with messages that they belong- (inclusion)

3- sharing happiness and fun- (pleasure)

4- providing diversion- (escape)

5- managing our lives and influencing others- (control)

According to Carl Rogers communication begins with the self, because "every individual exists in a continually world of _ of/in which he or (she) is the _."

experience; center

Which of the following terms best describe communication as defined by Shotter?

1-a social activity

2-a participatory activity

Your communication with people of different cultures or belief systems will be enhanced if you modify your _ in response to your interactions with them.

communication perceptions

College students report that peers provide support for a variety of reasons. Which of the following are among them?

1- They allow a way to vent about teachers and classes

2- They offer positive statements that build self-esteem and a sense of self worth.

3-They make motivational statements to encourage academic success.

4- They provide information about assignments and other academic matters.

An effective communicator understands that a large number of messages can be shared at any time, but _ to/of the other communicators are essential.

sensitivity and responsiveness

Because communication is _ , we cannot go back and erase messages that we have already sent.

irreversible

Dominique Moceanu became a Olympic medalist in gymnastics in part because she responded to the _ that were communicated to her as a child by _ people.

expectations; other

As you begin to understand the irreversible nature of communication, how might you change your behavior?

1- You may take more time preparing public presentations.

2- You may become more careful in your conversations.

Which of the