7 Strong Acids, Chapt 16-17

HCl

hydrochloric acid

HBr

hydrobromic acid

HI

hydroiodic acid

HClO3

chloric acid

HClO4

perchloric acid

HNO3

nitric acid

H2SO4

sulfuric acid

at is the equation that shows the relationship between pH and pOH

pH + pOH = 14.00

How do you calculate the pH of a solution if you know the concentration of hydrogen ions?

pH = -log[H⁺]

How do you calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions if you know the pH of a solution?

[H⁺/h30+] = 10^-pH

What is the equation that shows the relationship between pOH and the concentration of hydroxide ions?

pOH = -log[OH⁻]

How do you calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions if you know the pOH of a solution?

[OH⁻] = 10^-pOH

What is the ion-product constant of water at 25°C

[H⁺][OH⁻] = 1.0 x 10⁻¹⁴

what ions do not react with water?

Cations of strong bases (e.g., Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺). Anions of strong acids (e.g., Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻, NO₃⁻, ClO₄⁻, HSO₄⁻)

The relationship between Ka and weak base/acid

The higher Ka means stronger weak base/acid

Relationship between the strength of weak acid and its conj. base

the stronger the weak acid the weaker the weak conj. base.

What is the common ion effect, and how does it affect the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt?

common ion effect occurs when a soluble salt containing a common ion is added to a solution. It decreases the solubility of the sparingly soluble salt

salts containing what anions are always soluble?

Li+,Na+, NH4+

Salts containing what cations are always soluble?

C2H3O2-, NO3-