energy unfinished ver

Who quantified Joules’ ideas into the laws of thermodynamics?

Lord Kelvin/William Thomson

Where does the sun get its energy?

Nuclear reactions fusing hydrogen to make helium

WHat has been around since the big bang?

Energy in the sun’s hydrogen atoms

Atoms typically move at…

Random speeds

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy is conserved

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Heat always flows from high to low temperatures

What is the third law of thermodynamics?

A substance cannot reach absolute zero

The total combined potential and kinetic energy in a pendulum is…

Constant

What is the best way to describe potential energy?

Energy that can easily become kinetic energy

The electric potential energy of a charged object is directly proportional to…?

The charge

What is electric potential in terms of EPE and charge?

EPE/q

What unit measures energy?

Joules

What is a volt?

Joules/coulomb

Electric potential is a description of…?

The field around an object

What is the equation for the energy a ball gains rolling down a hill?

Change in E=W x h

What are equipotential lines?

Lines where the electric potential is constant

The change in energy of a particle moving through an electric field is…?

q x V

How do circuits typically think of voltage?

A rolling “downhill” from high to low potential

Who used the term battery to describe connected Leyden jars?

Benjamin Franklin

What decade did batteries originate from?

1780s

Debates about electricity being Galvanism life force came from…?

The Galvanis dead animal experiments

Why did the Galvanis believe that the dead frog moved?

The electricity within it instigated the metal

WHere did Volta believe the electricity came from?

The metals

What metals did Volta use for his battery?

Zinc and silver

How many volts could Volta’ battery get?

30

How do we refer to Aldini’s experiments?

When we use the word “galvanize”

What substances does a modern battery use?

Zinc and carbon submerged in sulfuric acid

Describe how a battery works

Sulfuric acid dissolves the zinc rod, making the acid positive and zinc negative. The acid polarizes the carbon rod and makes it negative in the acid and positive outside

What are the terminals of a battery?

The rods outside the acid

Why can batteries still have power when the rods are connected?

The acid continues to dissolve the zinc rod

Why can’t lithium-ion batteries be used forever?

As the lithium ions move back and forth, some heat is generated via friction which is permanently lost