Unit 9 honors organic molecules and biochemistry

organic molecules

molecules with carbon

inorganic molecules

molecules without carbon

monomer

single unit, building blocks of a large molecule

polymer

large compound, formed from many monomers

carbohydrate

sugars and starches

function of carbohydrates

key source of energy

monosaccharides

single sugars, glucose, fructose, galactose

disaccharides

two sugars, sucrose and lactose

polysaccharides

many sugars, starch, glycogen, cellulose

starch

polysaccharide, sugar storage in plants, made only of glucose

glycogen

polysaccharide, sugar storage in animals, stored in the liver and muscle, made only of glucose

cellulose

polysaccharide; structural component of plant cell walls

sources of carbohydrates

bread, pasta, corn, potatoes, fruits, veggies

sources of protein

meat, fish, eggs, cheese, dairy, nuts, seeds, tofu

function of proteins

build body parts, hemoglobin, hormones, antibodies, energy, enzymes

monomer of proteins

amino acids

how many amino acids exist?

20

essential amino acid

amino acid our body can not make, get from food.

Functions of lipids

energy storage, hormones, insulation, cushioning, transport vitamins

Sources of lipids

extra carbohydrates and fatty food

saturated fat

"bad fat", found in animal products, increases cholestrol, all carbon atoms have 2 or more hydrogen atoms attached

unsaturated fat

'good fat', found in plant products, decreases cholesterol, contains 1 or more double bonds between carbon atoms (some carbon atoms are bonded to only 1 hydrogen)

sucrase

enzyme that breaks down sucrose

lactase

enzyme that breaks down lactose

Amylase

enzyme that breaks down starch

pepsin

Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach

trypsin

an enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine

peptidase

enzyme that breaks down protein in the small intestine

lipase

enzyme that breaks down fat