Creeping eruption- ________ papule along the path traversed by filariform larvae (larva migrans)
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Inhalation of infected dust
________ containing embryonated eggs.
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Epigastric pain
________, diarrhoea & vomiting during early phase of infection.
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Ascariasis
________ is very common to kids /children.
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Serology
________ (Ab detection)- mainly reserved for epidemiological studies.
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Autoinfection
________- filariform larva.
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Capilaria philipinensis
________ (Pudoc worm found in Ilocos Sur.
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large collections of worms
Imaging- ________ in abdomen.
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sexual transmission
MOT- additional, inhalation and ________.
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Persistence of infection
________- due to autoinfection.
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Ancylostome dermatitis
________ or Ground itch- occurs at the site of entry (more common in necator), lasts for 2 to 4 weeks.
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Personal protection
________- wearing boots & gloves.
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Mode of transmission
________- Ingestion of undercooked or raw fishes or seafoods.
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Stool examination
________- microscopy: non bile stained egg, segmented.
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Eosinophil count
________ increases because eosinophils are responsible for parasitic infection.
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Stool examination
________: egg /larva found in stool.
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- Male
smaller, curved posterior end, has spicule
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- Female
larger, tapering posterior end, no spicule
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Penetration of skin
filariform larvae bores through the skin
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ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES (ROUNDWORM) Common name
Giant intestinal roundworm
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Ascariasis
infection of A.lumbricoides
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Penetration through intestinal ulcer (perforation)
peritonitis
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Hypersensitivity reactions to worm Ags (toxic body fluids)
urticaria, edema of face, conjunctivitis, irritation of URT
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Ectopic Ascariasis
due to migration of worm up into the stomach
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Macroscopic
Direct detection of worm/s in stool or vomit
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Blood examination
eosinophilia
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Imaging
large collections of worms in abdomen
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USG
to diagnose hepatobiliary or pancreatic ascariasis
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Serology (Ab detection)
mainly reserved for epidemiological studies
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Mebendazole/ Albendazole
drug of choice but contraindicated in pregnancy & heavy infection
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Piperazine citrate
suspected intestinal or biliary obstruction since this drug paralyzes worms to aid expulsion
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Mass treatments with single dose mebendazole or albendazole for all school-age children every three to four months
serves dual function
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Necator americanus (Common name
American murderer)
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* A. lumbricoides
human infection
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* Intermediate host of toxocara canis and cati
humans
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* A. duodenale (Common name
Old World Hookworm)
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* N. americanus (Common name
New World Hookworm)
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* Ancylostoma caninum
Dog infection
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* Ancylostoma braziliense
Cat infection
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* Oval, thin
shelled , colorless
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Gardeners & miners
skin of hands
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Note
Ancylostoma duodenale can do vertical transmission that can cause Congenital infection
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Ancylostoma duodenale
eosinophilia count will peak after 1 month of infection
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Ancylostome dermatitis or Ground itch
occurs at the site of entry (more common in necator), lasts for 2 to 4 weeks
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Creeping eruption
reddish itchy papule along the path traversed by filariform larvae (larva migrans)
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Lesions in the lungs
bronchitis & bronchopneumonia
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Abnormal appetite showing Pica or Geophagy
perverted taste for earth, mud or lime
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General appearance
pale plumpy with protuberant abdomen & dry lustreless hair
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Blood examination
anaemia, eosinophilia
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Oral iron replacement
ferrous sulphate 400mg tid
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Personal protection
wearing boots & gloves
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buccal cavity
shorter
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genital primordium
prominent, conspicuous L1 Rhabditiform Larva
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Open Mouth
Feeding stage
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Final host
man
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Infective stage
filariform larva
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Diagnostic stage
Rhabditiform larva, egg
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Skin lesions (2 types)
"larva currens"
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At the site of entry
urticarial rash
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In the perianal region
linear, erythematous urticarial wheal
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Pulmonary lesions
due to migrating larva
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Autoinfection
filariform larva
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Hyperinfection
can result in autoinfection
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Persistence of infection
due to autoinfection
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ELISA
to detect Abs
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Potentially life threatening disease
treat even if its asymptomatic
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- Disseminated strongyloidosis
5 to 7 days
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Strongyloides fuelleborni
causative agent for swollen belly syndrome
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TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS ( common name
TRICHINA WORM or muscle worm
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Final host
pigs and other mammals that are carnivores or omnivore in nature, so why men infected if the final host are pigs, it is because we man are considered as accidental host or the dead end host
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Diagnostic stage
encysted larvae (we use muscle biopsy instead of stool)
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Infective stage
encysted larvae
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Trichinelliasis / Trichinosis
clinical features depends on the stage
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Stage of intestinal invasion
5-7 days, pain in abdomen, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea