Addictions and Alcohol Review

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17 Terms

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Characteristics of Addiction

  1. Compulsion

  2. Loss of Control

  3. Negative Consequences

  4. Denial

  5. Inability to abstain

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Substance Addictions

  1. Alcoholism

  2. Drug Abuse

  3. Smoking

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Process Addictions

Behaviors known to be addictive because they are mood altering (gambling disorder, compulsive buying disorder)

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Biological Influences

  1. Differences in substance metabolism

  2. Genetics affect on neurotransmitters

  3. Addiction among family members

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Psychological Factors

  1. Low self-esteem

  2. Risk-taking behavior

  3. Poor coping skills

  4. PTSDE

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Environmental Influences

  1. Cultural Values

  2. Family Environment

  3. Learned Behavior

  4. Major Stressful Events

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Physiology of Addiction

  1. Uncontrollable urge to continue engaging in activity

  2. Drugs disrupt the brain’s reward system

  3. Body adjusts to substance or behavior

  4. Tolerance

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Binge Drinking

Pattern of drinking that brings BAC above 0.08%

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Drunkorexia

Restricting calories before drinking

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Physiological Effects of Alcohol Addiction

  1. Ethanol is the drug in alcohol

  2. Increases the release of GABA

  3. Blocks glutamate

  4. Double Inhibitory Effect

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GABA

Neurotransmitter that reduces neurological messages

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Glutamate

Neurotransmitter that excites neurological messages

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Withdrawal from Alcohol

  1. Large amounts of glutamate is produced

  2. Symptoms: 

  • Hyperthermia

  • Seizures

  • Coma

  • Death

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Alcohol Absorption Influences

  1. Hormones

  • estrogen goes up = higher BAC

  1. Quantity/speed of consumption

  • Close the valve that goes to the stomach

  • Carbonation

  1. Food in the stomach

  • Protein intake increases = lower digestion rate

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Sleep Effects

CNS affects changes in the sleep cycle

Deep sleep only

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Hangovers

  1. Withdrawal = glutamate and GABA

  2. GI irritation 

  3. Hypoglycemia = low blood glucose levels

  4. Vasopressin inhibition = dehydration

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Does Alcohol affect Sport Performance?

  1. Impaired ability to store muscle glycogen

  2. Impairs the body’s ability for maximum power output

  3. Impairs the body’s ability to negate metabolic acidosis