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27 Terms
What is an operating system?
An operating system is system software that allows a user to interact with a computer and makes the parts of a computer system work together.
What are the roles of an operating system?
An operating system facilitates practical use of a computer system and its resources, manages numerous concurrently running programs (process management), allocates and tracks memory efficiently (memory management), and grants and shares access to computer hardware (device management).
What is process management?
Process management is the act of managing the use of the CPU by individual processes. A process is a program in execution.
What are the different states a process can go through?
New (the OS copies program code into RAM), Ready (the process is ready to be executed by the CPU), Running (the CPU is executing the process), Waiting (the process is waiting for an event), Terminated (the process has finished executing and its resources are freed).
What is CPU scheduling?
CPU scheduling is the act of determining which process in the ready state should be moved to the running state.
What are the two types of CPU scheduling?
Non-preemptive scheduling (the currently executing process gives up the CPU voluntarily) and Preemptive scheduling (the OS decides to favor another process, preempting the currently executing process).
What is turn-around time?
Turn-around time is the amount of time between when a process arrives in the ready state for the first time and when it exits the running state for the last time.
What are some CPU scheduling algorithms?
First-Come, First-Served (FCFS), Shortest Job Next (SJN), Round Robin.
What is a weakness of FCFS?
A weakness of FCFS scheduling is that if a process hangs, subsequent processes will never run.
What is a benefit and a weakness of SJN?
Benefit: SJN is optimal for average turn-around time. Weakness: SJN relies on knowledge of the future.
What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?
The WWW is a way of accessing information on the Internet via webpages viewed in a web browser.
What is the difference between the WWW and the Internet?
The Internet is the infrastructure while the WWW is one of the services on the Internet.
What is the Client-Server Model?
The Client-Server Model describes the interaction of networked computers where clients request information from servers.
What is HTTP?
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a method of requesting and transmitting web pages between clients and servers.
What are some examples of web browsers?
Examples include WorldWideWeb, Mosaic, Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Google Chrome, Edge.
What are search engines?
Search engines are systems that search the web and catalogue the content of web pages.
What are some examples of search engines?
Examples include Google, Bing, Yahoo.
What is HTML?
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) defines the content of a webpage using tags within a text file.
What is WYSIWYG?
WYSIWYG stands for 'What You See Is What You Get' and refers to editing software where content resembles its final form.
What are some examples of WYSIWYG software?
Examples include Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel, Gimp, Audacity.
What is the basic structure of a webpage?
What are some HTML tags?
How do tag attributes work?
What are Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)?
CSS describes how HTML elements are displayed and can control the layout of multiple pages.
What does inline CSS do?
Inline CSS applies a unique style to a single HTML element using the style attribute.
What does internal CSS do?
Where can I learn more about CSS?
More information about CSS is available at https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_intro.asp.