Lab Module 3: Protein Catabolism

The purpose of the decarboxylase test is to _____.

Determine whether bacteria can decarboxylate lysine or ornithine

Decarboxylation refers to _____ from an amino acid.

Removing the carboxyl group

Key points of the decarboxylase procedure include using a _____ to inoculate a _____. Place a layer of _____ on top in order to force an _____ process.

Loop; broth; mineral oil; anaerobic

The substrates (_____) in the decarboxylase test vary in their _____.

Amino acids; R group

The readout for the decarboxylase test should be done _____ after inoculation.

48 hours

The media in the decarboxylase test is _____. The substrates in this media are _____ and _____, which are both _____. Peptones and beef extract are used in this media as _____, making the media _____/_____. Glucose is used in this media for _____, as bacteria will use glucose _____ at a _____ concentration to _____, which is needed for decarboxylation, then turn to _____ later if able. _____ is used as a pH indicator. Acidic results are _____. Alkaline results are _____. Neutral results are _____. Pyridoxyl/Vitamin B6 is a required _____ for decarboxylase to be active. 

Decarboxylase media; L-lysine; L-ornithine; food for general growth; complex/undefined; fermentation; first; lower; lower the pH; proteins; bromocresol purple; yellow; purple; orange; coenzyme

In the decarboxylase test, _____, _____, and _____ are produced after about 2 hours as a result of _____. This turns the tube _____, indicating the environment is more _____, and allows for _____. After this time, the substrates can be broken down by the enzyme _____, which is an _____ that can break down _____ substrates (like those being used). Lysine results in the product _____, while ornithine results in the product _____. These products are both _____, which _____ the pH, resulting in a _____ readout and a _____ test.

Acids; alcohol; gas; glucose fermentation; yellow; acidic; activation of decarboxylase; decarboxylase; endoenzyme; small; cadaverine; putrescine; diamines; raise; purple; positive

In order for decarboxylase to be active in the decarboxylase test, the pH must be _____, a _____ must be present, and the environment must be _____.

Low; coenzyme; anaerobic

In the decarboxylase test, a yellow readout is a _____ test. This indicates that the bacteria _____, creating _____ that _____ the pH. 

The purpose of the deaminase test is to _____.

Determine whether bacteria can deaminate phenylalanine

Key points of the deaminase procedure include using a _____ to _____ inoculate the _____. Place the tubes in the incubator with the _____ in order to ensure an _____ process.

Loop; zig-zag; slant; caps loose; aerobic

The purpose of the casein hydrolysis test is to _____.

Determine whether bacteria can hydrolyze casein

Key points of the casein hydrolysis test include using a _____ to inoculate the _____, using _____ per organism.

Loop; plate; one broad streak

The purpose of the urease test is to _____.

Determine whether bacteria can hydrolyze urea

Key points of the urease procedure include filling a test tube with _____ and then adding a _____. Use a _____ to introduce a _____ inoculum.

Water; urease tablet; loop; heavy

The purpose of the triple sugar iron (TSI) agar is to differentiate bacteria on the basis of _____, _____, _____, and _____.

Glucose fermentation; lactose fermentation; sucrose fermentation; sulfur reduction

Key points of the triple sugar iron (TSI) agar procedure include using a _____ to _____ the slant about 1 cm from the bottom. Use a _____ to _____ inoculate the rest of the slant.

Needle; stab; loop; zig-zag