Red Blood Cell Disorders (oxygen transport disorders)

Anemia

common clincial condition

reduction in the number of erythocytes

celine in ability of erythrocytes to carry oxygen

Nutritional deficits

• Iron: forms complexes with oxygen to create hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin

Classification

• decreased production of erythrocytes

• reduced survival time of erythrocytes

• loss of erythrocytes (acute or chronic blood loss)

• functional changed in structure of erythrocytes

Lab tests

• classify ____

• idetify cause or risk for ___

Morphologic Classification

• Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

  • reflects average erythrocyte sie

  • Femtoliter (fL)

  • Hematocrit (HCT)

• microcytic vs macrocytic ___

• Mean corpuscular hemogolbin (MCH)

  • hypochromic

  • Normochromic

RBC

Concepts related to pahtophy of ___ ___ ___ disorders

• loss of oxygen in tissue

• loss of mature erythtocytes

• genetic variation

  • prevents formation of mature wrythroctyes or hemoglobin

  • misshappen erythrocytes cause cells to clump (ischemia, hypoxia)

• excessive RBCs cause blood to thicken

macrocytic; thalassemia

Etiology and Pathogenesis of Anemia

Nutritional deficits

• ___ anemia: vitamin B12 and folic acid

• Iron deficiency anemia and ____: iron

Reduced stem cells (aplastic anemia)

medications and radiation

anemia of chronic disease

chroni cor acute erythrocyte loss through blood loss

functional changes in the structure of erythrocytes

Clinacal manifesations of Anemia

• reduction in ability of RBC to carry oxygen

  • increased respirations

  • pallor

  • cyanosis

  • headache, dizziness

  • tachycardia

  • fatigue most common clinical manifestaion

  • muscle weakness

Iron, Cobalamin, Folic acid

Nutritional Deficiency Anemias

several nutrients necessary for maturation and proliferation of RBCs

lack of iron and vitamin B12 affect cell maturation

Types and Causes

____ deficiency anemia

• reduced dietary intake or malabsorption of __

• chronic blood loss like menstruation or GI bleeding

• microcytic (smaller RBC) and hypochrmic (paler b/c less Hg) RBC

____ (vitamin B12) deficiency

• pernicious anemia (intrinsic factor, protein in stomach)

• autoimmune response

• Bowel diseases

___ ____ deficiency

• more chronic, insidious (slowly cause damage) presentation

• medications that antagonize folate

Hemolytic Anemias