Chapter 6: Some Types of Chemical Reactions

dissociation

When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the anions and cations are separated from each other

electrolytes

Materials that dissolve in water to form a solution that will conduct electricity

nonelectrolytes

Materials that dissolve in water to form a solution that will not conduct electricity

Strong electrolytes

are materials that dissolve completely as ions

Weak electrolytes

are materials that dissolve mostly as molecules, but partially as ions

Acids

molecular compounds that form H+ cations plus anions when dissolved in water

Acids that ionize virtually 100%

strong acids

Acids that only ionize a small percentage are

weak acids

strong bases

ionize 100% in water

Typically group IA or IIA metals with

hydroxide

Perchloric acid

HClO₄

Hydrochloric acid

HCl

Hydrobromic acid

HBr

Hydroiodic acid

HI

Nitric Acid

HNO₃

Sulfuric acid

H₂SO₄

Chloric acid

HClO₃

lithium hydroxide

LiOH

sodium hydroxide

NaOH

potassium hydroxide

KOH

rubidium hydroxide

RbOH

cesium hydroxide

CsOH

calcium hydroxide

Ca(OH)₂

strontium hydroxide

Sr(OH)₂

barium hydroxide

Ba(OH)₂

Binary Compounds

compounds made of two different elements/atoms or ions

Covalent compounds

compounds made up of only non-metals

Ionic compounds

compounds containing metals and non-metals

What is the the steps to naming Covalent compound

1. write the names out

2. look at the charges

3. Write the Latin prefixes
   (When the first element has one atom in the formula)

Acids are molecular compounds that_________ _____ ____ (H+) when dissolved in water

release hydrogen ions

Binary acids have H⁺

cation and nonmetal anion

Oxyacids have H⁺

cation and polyatomic anion

What are the steps for naming Binary Acid?

1. Write hydro in front

2. Name the nonmetal

3. change the ending to ic

4. put acid as the second word

What are the steps when naming a polyatomic ion with an -ate ending for Oxyacid

1. -ic

2. put acid

(remember no Hydro prefix)

What are the steps when naming an -ite ending; Oxyacids

1. ending is -ous

2. put acid at the end

(remember no Hydro prefix)

soluble

readily dissolve in water

insoluble

small quantities are observed not dissolving in water

Spectator ions

ions in an aqueous solution that exists in the same form on both the reactant and product sides of a chemical equation. They do not participate, they spectate

Combination Reactions

Two or more substances combine to form a
compound

Decomposition Reactions

One compound decomposes into more
than one element or compound

Displacement reactions(single replacement reactions)

occur when one element displaces another element from a compound

Metathesis reactions(double replacement reactions)

occur when two ionic aqueous solutions are mixed and the ions switch partners

Gas-Formation Reactions

Gas formation reactions are reactions that generate gas