1.4a - Introduction to IP (Prof. Messer)

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the fundamental concepts of IP, including encapsulation, the differences between TCP and UDP, port types, and the concept of sockets as presented in the CompTIA Network+ N10-009 lecture.

Internet Protocol (IP)

The protocol that acts like a moving truck, doing the heavy lifting to move application data packaged in virtual boxes across the network.

Encapsulation

The fundamental process of packaging application data within protocols like TCP or UDP, which are then placed within larger protocols like IP and Ethernet frames.

OSI Layer $4$

The transport layer where TCP and UDP operate to allow multiple applications to be sent simultaneously between devices.

Multiplexing

The efficient process of transferring multiple applications simultaneously between multiple devices.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

A connection-oriented protocol that uses formal processes to set up and tear down sessions and provides reliable delivery via acknowledgments.

Reliable delivery

A method used by TCP where a station acknowledges received data, allowing the sending station to track delivery and recover from errors by resending information.

Flow control

A process where the receiving station tells the sending device to speed up or slow down the transmission based on how well traffic is being transferred.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

A connectionless, barebones protocol with no formal setup or teardown, no acknowledgments, and no method for error recovery or flow control.

Unreliable delivery

A characteristic of UDP where no acknowledgments are sent, meaning there is no guarantee that information was truly delivered to the destination.

IP Address

In the moving truck analogy, this represents the destination address for the truck carrying the data boxes.

Port number

A identifier associated with data that acts like a room name in a house, ensuring the box of data is delivered to the appropriate application.

Socket

A combination of an IP address, a protocol (TCP or UDP), and an application port number.

Nonephemeral ports

Permanent port numbers ranging from $0$ through $1,023$ that are commonly associated with well-known server applications.

Ephemeral ports

Temporary port numbers ranging from $1,024$ through $65,535$ that are commonly used by client devices on a temporary basis.

Ethernet Frame Structure

A structure consisting of an Ethernet header at the beginning, an Ethernet payload (containing IP data) in the middle, and an Ethernet trailer at the end.

Port $80$ / Port $443$

Well-known, nonephemeral port numbers used by web servers for communication.

Port $143$

The well-known TCP destination port used for email services as described in the lecture.

Port $5004$

The well-known UDP destination port used for voice-over-IP services as described in the lecture.