Week 3/6 - Leukaemias, Lymphomas, and Myelomas

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on leukaemias, lymphomas, and myelomas, aiding in exam preparation.

Leukaemia

A cancer of the blood cells characterized by uncontrolled growth of white blood cells.

Lymphoma

A cancer of lymphoid tissue, particularly affecting lymph nodes.

Myeloma

A cancer of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow.

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML)

A type of leukaemia characterized by rapid proliferation of myeloid stem cells and immature white blood cells.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)

A type of leukaemia that primarily affects children, characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoid stem cells.

Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)

A type of leukaemia that progresses slowly and is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome.

Chronic Lymphoid Leukaemia (CLL)

A type of leukaemia characterized by the accumulation of mature B-lymphocytes.

Signs and Symptoms

Physical indicators and manifestations of diseases such as leukaemia and lymphoma.

Prognosis

The likely course and outcome of a disease, often expressed in terms of survival rates.

Incidence

The rate of new cases of a disease in a specified population over a defined time period.

Prevalence

The total number of cases of a disease existing in a population at a specific time.

Anaemia

A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to fatigue and weakness.

Thrombocytopenia

A condition marked by abnormally low levels of platelets in the blood.

Leukopenia

A reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood.

Hypercalcaemia

An abnormally high concentration of calcium in the blood, often associated with myeloma.

Bence Jones Protein

A paraprotein found in the urine of patients with certain types of multiple myeloma.

Philadelphia Chromosome

An abnormal chromosome produced by translocation of parts of chromosomes 9 and 22, associated with some leukaemias.

Reed-Sternberg Cells

Large abnormal lymphocytes associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Cytotoxic Drugs

Medications that kill or damage cells, often used in chemotherapy.

Immunotherapy

Treatment that utilizes the body's immune system to fight diseases, particularly cancers.

Stem Cell Transplant

A medical procedure to replace damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells.

Lymphadenopathy

Swelling of the lymph nodes, may indicate infection or malignancy.

Splenomegaly

Enlargement of the spleen, often due to various diseases, including cancer.

Chemotherapy

A type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill rapidly growing cells.

Bone Marrow Biopsy

A medical procedure to extract bone marrow for examination, often used in diagnosing blood cancers.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation and development within the body.