exam 1: rhetorical devices and prosody

synecdoche

where a part is substituted for a whole or the whole for a part
ex: “lets go to the movies” - your not going to the ALL the movies

metonymy

where something is referred to or described in terms that it is not similar / related to
usually talk when negative…..
ex: “i hate big pharma”
ex: calling a lazy person “couch potato”

metaphor

comparing between two things
exhibit terms inserted into unexpected contexts

allegory

when the lexical/sematic field of the rhetor’s intended subject is absent altogether
speaker only uses the terms from the alternative field

simile

direct comparison using like, as

irony

claim by saying the opposite with the further stipulation that the speaker uses this mode intentionally and expects the hearer to recognize it

verbal irony

sarcasm, opposite of what you say is what you mean

antiphrasis

single word is ironic
ex: “the food has a magnificent rotten smell”

ironia

large and can consists of full performance

hyperboles

overstates the situation

litotes

understates it

amphiboly

double meaning, phrase that genuinely be construed as having two meetings
speaker says one thing to those who get it and another to those who don’t

oxymoron

seemly contradict
ex: “We need to increase troop levels to decrease them”

paralepsis

position of deliberately self-contradicting
ex: “I not going to say you bombed your test, because im polite”

agnominatio (paronomasia)

pun: nearly identical words are placed in relation to another to potentially confused and/or shock audiences
ex: “Thai me up”

assonances

consonance: repitition of constant sounds
ex: “Hickory dickory dock”
alliteration: if it the initial consonant sound
ex: “Peter Piper picked”

euphemism

a polite term for a cruder expression
ex: “I got railed by jerm”

onomatopoeia

a word or sentence where the term resembles the sound it represents
ex: nigh, meow, chugga chugga choo choo, wheeze, burp

aposiopesis:

dash or ellipsis to indicate something left unfinished
ex: “I’m so mad, I could-”

prosody

how language sounds, the patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry