Principles of Human Physiology: Diabetes Mellitus

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to diabetes mellitus as discussed in the lecture.

Diabetes Mellitus

A group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insulin production issues or insulin action problems.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

An autoimmune disease causing insufficient insulin release, typically diagnosed in adolescence or young adulthood.

Ketoacidosis

A serious complication of diabetes characterized by high levels of ketones in the blood due to lack of insulin.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A condition where target cells have a decreased response to insulin, often associated with obesity and lifestyle factors.

Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)

Another term for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, indicating that patients require insulin therapy.

Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)

Another term for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, indicating that patients may not always require insulin.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

A complication of Type 1 DM due to lack of insulin, leading to insufficient glucose utilization and increased ketone bodies.

Delayed Wound Healing

A condition in diabetes where the normal healing processes are impaired, leading to complications like diabetic foot ulcers.

Nephropathy

Kidney damage caused by diabetes, potentially leading to proteinuria and loss of kidney function.

Retinopathy

Damage to the retina in diabetes, which can lead to vision loss.

Neuropathy

Nerve damage related to diabetes, often resulting in loss of sensation, especially in the feet.

Microvascular Damage

Damage to small blood vessels as a consequence of chronic high blood sugar levels.

Macrovascular Damage

Damage to large blood vessels due to diabetes, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.