A&P of Speech and Swallowing: Key Concepts and Processes

What is the primary function of the respiratory system in speech?

It provides the airflow needed for speech

What are the major components of the respiratory system involved in speech?

Lungs, diaphragm, trachea, bronchi, and intercostal muscles

How does the diaphragm contribute to respiration?

It contracts and moves downward, causing the lungs to expand and air to come in

What is phonation?

The process of producing voice, which occurs in the larynx

Where are the vocal folds located?

Inside the larynx

What causes vocal fold vibration?

Air passing between the vocal folds

What is the difference between voiced and voiceless sounds?

Voiced sounds involve vocal fold vibration, while voiceless sounds do not

What are examples of voiced sounds?

/b, d, g, z, m, n/

What are examples of voicelss sounds?

/p, t, k, s, f/

What is resonance in speech?

The quality of sound produced as it travels through the pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity

What controls whether sound/air is directed through the mouth or nose?

The velopharyngeal mechanism

What happens when the soft palate (velum) elevates?

The nasal passage closes, and air goes through the mouth

What happens when the velum lowers?

The nasal passage opens, allowing nasal sounds to occur

What are the primary nasal consonants in English?

/m, n, ŋ/

What are the major articulators in speech?

Lips, tongue, teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate/velum, and jaw

What is the rold of the oral cavity in swallowing?

It includes the lips, teeth, tongue, hard palate, and soft palate =, which helps in food preparation

What is the pharynx’s function in swallowing?

It serves as a shared pathway for food and air

What is the role of the larynx during swallowing?

It protects the airway

What does the esophagus do?

It carries food toward the stomach

What occurs during the oral preparatory phase of swallowing?

Food/liquid is prepared through chewing, lip closure, and bolus formation

What happens during the oral transit phase of swallowing?

The tongue moves the bolus posteriorly

What key events occur during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

Swallowing is triggered, the velum elevates, the larynx elevates, vocal folds close, and the airway is protected

What happens during the esophageal phase of swallowing?

The bolus travels through the esophagus toward the stomach