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Buddhism
religion founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) and later spread to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia
Christianity
the religion derived from Jesus Christ, based on the Bible as sacred scripture; began in Israel and spread throughout the Roman Empire
Diffusion
spread of people, ideas, technology and products among places
Tradition
a continuing pattern of cultural beliefs or practices; a long-established or inherited way of thinking or acting
Hinduism
common religion of India, based upon the religion of the original Aryan settlers and evolved in the Vedas, the Upanishads and Bhagavad-Gita
Judaism
monotheistic religion of the ancient Hebrews tracing back to Abraham in early Mesopotamia and Israel
Islam
religious faith of Muslims, based on the words and religious system founded by the prophet Muhammad and taught in the Quran
Polytheism
belief in more than one god
Tripitaka
the religious book of Buddhism
Temple
a religious building meant for worshipping or praying. Hindu temples are typically devoted to one specific god. While temples tend to be associated with non-Christian religions like Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism, some sects of Orthodox Christianity worship in temples as well.
Nirvana
a condition of great peace or happiness for Buddhists
Four Noble Truths
as taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism. They are the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering.
Eightfold Path
a key idea of Buddhism whereby followers should live their lives according to these eight teachings to reach Nirvana. They are: right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration
Jesus
a teacher and prophet whose life and teachings form the basis of Christianity. Christians believe Jesus to be Son of God
Bible
the holy book of Christians
Church
Christian place of worship
Ten Commandments
set of ten moral laws given to Moses by God, states that only one God exists, emphasizes the importance of life, self-control, and justice
Vedas
writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism
Karma and Dharma
important concepts of Hinduism, dharma is your duty in life and karma is the totality of the good and the bad deeds which determines his or her fate after rebirth
Caste System
system in India that gives every Indian a particular place in the social hierarchy from birth. Individuals may improve the position they inherit in the caste system in their next life through their actions, or karma. After many lives of good karma, they may be relieved from cycle of life and win their place in heaven
Reincarnation
in Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding
Brahma
Hindu god that created everything, the world and the four holy texts (Vedas).
Muhammad
founder of Islam
Quran
Holy book of Islam
Mosque
a Muslim place of worship
Allah
Islamic God
5 Pillars
5 basic norms of the practice of Islam: the declaration of faith (shahada), prayer (salah), alms-giving (zakat), fasting (sawm), pilgrimage (hajj)
Hajj
term for a Muslim's pilgrimage (trip) to Mecca
Abraham
Jewish people believe they are a descendent of his, and if they followed him to Canaan, God promised the land to him and his followers
Torah
Jewish holy book
Synagogue
Jewish place of worship
Diaspora
People who come from a common ethnic background but who live in different regions outside of the home of their ethnicity. Particularly used in relation to Jews scattered from Israel
Sabbath
a day of religious observance and abstinence from work, kept by Jews from Friday evening to Saturday evening, and by most Christians on Sunday.
Mecca and Medina
Medina is celebrated as the place from which Muhammad established the Muslim community after his flight from Mecca and is where his body is entombed. A pilgrimage is made to his tomb in the city's chief mosque.
monotheism
belief in one god
