Behavior and Behavioral Ecology

Flashcards summarizing key concepts from the lecture on Behavior and Behavioral Ecology.

For any behavior, we can ask what __ it, how it develops, its adaptive function, and how it evolved.

causes

Learning is a change in behavior as a result of __.

experience

Animal behavior is shaped in part by __ acting through the nervous and endocrine systems.

genes

__ involves an interaction between a sender and a receiver.

Communication

Tinbergen’s four questions include causation, development, adaptive function, and __ history.

evolutionary

A fixed action pattern (FAP) consists of a sequence of behaviors that, once __, is followed through to completion.

triggered

In fixed action patterns, a __ stimulus elicits an exaggerated response.

supernormal

In honeybees, the foraging gene influences whether an individual remains a __ or becomes a forager.

nurse

Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate when they heard a __, associating it with food.

bell

__ is a form of learning that involves a reduction in response to a repeatedly presented stimulus.

Habituation

Construction of a __ is an example of how species-specific behaviors can be observed in isolated individuals.

courtship display

Indirect cooperation among individuals can be explained by __ altruism, as seen in vampire bats sharing food.

reciprocal

The __ hypothesis states that natural selection operates on individuals and groups to explain altruistic behavior.

group selection

Hamilton’s Rule assesses the evolution of altruism based on the equation rB - C > __.

0

The biological clock primarily regulates daily cycles through the __ clock.

circadian

In social insects like bees, the degree of relatedness is higher for sister-sister relationships than for mother-daughter ones due to their __ reproductive system.

haploid-diploid