Period 6 Quiz

Which of the following statements describes the historical significance of the Battle of Wounded Knee?

The massacre of the Lakotas there stands as an indictment of U.S. Indian policy and western expansionism.

Which of the following developments occurred during the 1852 presidential campaign?

Democrats nominated Franklin Pierce as a compromise candidate because he was a congenial man with southern sympathies.

Which of the following describes the 1864 Shenandoah Valley campaign?

Union troops led a scorched-earth campaign to punish farmers who had aided the South.

As a result of the Dawes Severalty Act, Indian tribes

lost almost two-thirds of their land.

Expecting freedom from slavery near the end of the Civil War, most African Americans were eager to

vote and secure land for economic independence.

At which of the following points did the states of the Lower South secede and organize a provisional government of the Confederate States of America headed by Jefferson Davis?

Before Buchanan left the White House and Lincoln was inaugurated

Americans who migrated to the Oregon Territory in the 1840s settled in which of these regions?

Willamette Valley

Americans who lined up behind the free-soil cause in the late 1840s

declared that slavery threatened American republicanism by undermining family farms.

Which of the following constituted a critical problem for the Confederacy during the Civil War?

High levels of inflation

What was the purpose of Indian boarding schools in the late nineteenth century?

To assimilate Native American children more easily into white culture

The prominent political movements between the end of Reconstruction and World War I ignored which of the following goals?

a) Limiting the power of big business

b) Eliminating poverty

c) Bringing full equality to blacks

d) Promoting social justice

c) Bringing full equality to blacks

In their 1892 Omaha Platform, Populists called for...

a federal income tax

Which of the following was a result of the laws passed to disenfranchise blacks across the South in the 1890s and early 1900s?

a) Voter turnout decreased only slightly after disenfranchisement.

b) Segregation laws barring blacks from public and private places such as hotels, parks, and public drinking fountains were passed.

c) Racial violence became less prevalent because whites no longer felt threatened.

d) The Republican Party was able to regain near parity with the Democrats once it no longer pursued black southern voters.

b) Segregation laws barring blacks from public and private places such as hotels, parks, and public drinking fountains were passed.

Advocates of free silver believed it would...

encourage borrowing and stimulate industry

Mary White Ovington and W. E. B. Du Bois were both founders of the...

NAACP

Between 1876 and 1892, Americans could be described as...

highly partisan and politically active

Mugwumps were reformers who...

supported smaller government

Settlement House Movement: purpose

to help to assimilate and ease the transition of immigrants into the labor force by teaching them middle-class American values

Settlement House Movement: impact (accomplishments or failures)

-ex: Hull House in Chicago provided many services to help families

-included all races (eased tensions)

-most important leadership roles were filled by women

Triangle Fire

-1911

-fire in New York's Triangle Shirtwaist Company

-killed 146 people, mostly women

-doors were locked and the windows were too high for them to get to the ground

Triangle Fire: outcomes/results

-dramatized poor working conditions

-led to federal regulations to protect workers

Square Deal

-Theodore Roosevelt

-treat both sides fairly in any dispute

-in the coal miner's strike of 1902 he treated the United Mine Workers representatives and company bosses as equals

-continued during his efforts to regulate the railroads and other businesses during his second term

-3 C's: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection

Square Deal: creator

Theodore Roosevelt

Square Deal: purpose

-conservation of natural resources

-control of corporations

-consumer protection

New Nationalism: creator

Theodore Roosevelt

New Nationalism: main goals/accomplishments

-attempted to reconcile the liberal and conservative wings of the Republican Party

-called for a great increase of federal power to regulate interstate industry and a sweeping program of social reform designed to put human rights above property rights

New Freedom: creator

Woodrow Wilson

New Freedom: main goals/accomplishments

-attacked the "Triple Wall of Privilege" — the tariff, the banks, and the trust

-did not distinguish between "good" trusts and "bad"

1892 election results

Grover Cleveland (D) beat Benjamin Harrison (R)

1896 election results

William McKinley (R) beat William Jennings Bryan (D)

Populist Party: Omaha Platform

-Bimetallism - free coinage of silver

-belief was to use gold and silver in the currency system (result would allow more money to be printed)

-women's suffrage

-income tax (16th amendment)

-17th amendment

Populist Party: legacy

-the downtrodden (lower class) could organize and have political impact

-many of the ideas of the Populist Party Platform became law during the first years of the 20th century

NAACP

-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

-founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, oppose racism and gain civil rights for African Americans

19th amendment

gave women the right to vote

Jane Addams: legacy

women's suffrage

Robert M. La Follette: background

Governor of Wisconson

Robert M. La Follette: legacy

reformed all utilities, railroads, taxes, etc. (Wisconsin became the "Laboratory of Democracy")

Theodore Roosevelt: approach to trusts

-"Trust Buster"

-regulated trusts to ensure legality

-first president not to side with corporations

Theodore Roosevelt: election(s) background

-2 different backgrounds - relatable to everyone

-went after corruption

-Governer of NY

Theodore Roosevelt: social issue most concerned with or focused on

-went after corruption heavily

-conservation/environmental policy

1902 Coal Strike (Roosevelt's handling)

-helped labor and management get along

-met with both sides and sided with workers for public safety reasons

-threatened to sieze land (public domain)

Theodore Roosevelt: legacy

environmental policy:

-protected national parks and lands

-federal parks system

-fought for social justice ("steward to public welfare")

-big on efficiency (no corruption, just run the government)

Upton Sinclair: book

The Jungle

Upton Sinclair: social issue exposed

harsh conditions and exploited lives of meat packing industries in the US

John Muir: social issue focus

preservation of wilderness

John Muir: legacy

National Parks

Woodrow Wilson: 1st term accomplishments

-established the Federal Reserve

-Clayton Antitrust Act

-established the Federal Trade Commission

-pro-farmer measures

-8-hour work day

Margaret Sanger: social issue concerned with

social reform, women's rights

Margaret Sanger: legacy

Planned Parenthood

Booker T Washington: social equality through...

economic value

Booker T Washington: famous speech

-the "Atlanta Compromise"

-called for black progress through education and entrepreneurship, rather than trying to challenge directly the Jim Crow segregation and the disenfranchisement of black voters in the South

WEB Du Bois: social equality through...

political value

Alice Paul: social issue concerned with

women's rights (suffrage)

Florence Kelley: social issue concerned with

social and political reform

Florence Kelley: legacy

work against sweatshops and for the minimum wage, 8 hour workdays, and children's rights

16th amendment

allows the federal government to collect income tax

17th amendment

direct election of Senators

Pure Food and Drug Act

forbids the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs

Sherman Act

-first US law to limit trusts and big business

-any trust that was purposefully restraining interstate trade was illegal

Clayton Act

-expansion of Sherman Act

-prohibited price discrimination, price fixing and unfair business practices

Pendleton Act

positions in the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation

Jacob Riis: book

How the Other Half Lives

Jacob Riis: social issue exposed?

-exposed the slums to New York City's upper and middle classes

-basis of "muckraking" journalism

Ida Tarbell: legacy

-one of the leading "muckrackers"

-History of the Standard Oil Company: depicted John D. Rockefeller as crabbed, miserly, money-grabbing, and viciously effective at monopolizing the oil trade

1912 election: candidates

Woodrow Wilson (D) vs. Theodore Roosevelt (P) vs. William Howard Taft (R)

1912 election: results - who won and why?

Woodrow Wilson

The American victory at San Juan Hill in Cuba can be credited mostly to...

four African American U.S. regiments that bore the brunt of the fighting.

Which of the following assumptions shaped Theodore Roosevelt's strategic thinking about U.S. foreign policy during his presidency?

a) The United States, as the leader of the free world, needed to promote global democracy.

b) Germany was the world's greatest empire and Great Britain was on the decline.

c) It was the duty of the "civilized" countries of the world to police "backward" peoples.

d) Major war among the great powers of Europe was no longer possible.

c) It was the duty of the "civilized" countries of the world to police "backward" peoples.

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, which nation's growing power in East Asia most surprised Europe and the United States?

Japan

"Chronic wrong-doing . . . may . . . require intervention by . . . the United States [in adherence to] the Monroe Doctrine . . . , however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrong-doing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power."

The philosophy exemplified in this quote reveals that it was taken from...

the Roosevelt Corollary

Which of the following policies did U.S. naval officer Alfred Mahan support in his 1890 book The Influence of Sea Power upon History?

a) Isolationism for the United States

b) Cooperation of the United States with the Asian and African peoples

c) An expansion of the American empire in Asia and Africa

d) An American invasion of Mexico

c) An expansion of the American empire in Asia and Africa

U.S. wartime beliefs about Germany were exemplified by...

the distribution of posters by the U.S. government warning citizens of German spies

Which of the following statements describes changes in the lives of Mexican Americans during World War I?

a) The majority of Mexican American immigrants coming to the United States between 1917 and 1920 did migrant work in rural areas.

b) The Mexican American population diminished because many Mexican Americans returned to their homeland.

c) More than one million Mexicans seeking wartime employment entered the United States between 1917 and 1920.

d) Political instability in Mexico and the lure of wartime jobs caused many Mexicans to relocate to the United States.

d) Political instability in Mexico and the lure of wartime jobs caused many Mexicans to relocate to the United States.

After the explosion of the battleship Maine, a U.S. naval board of inquiry blamed the sinking on...

an underwater mine

Why did President McKinley and the Republicans jump at the chance to hold the Philippine Islands?

it provided the United States with a major foothold in the western Pacific and access to Asian markets

What changes occurred in American trade with the Allies and the Central Powers between 1914 and 1916?

commerce with the Allies rose nearly fourfold, while it dwindled with the Central Powers

In his appearance before Congress to ask for a declaration of war in 1917, Woodrow Wilson emphasized that...

American involvement would make the world "safe for democracy"

Which of these actions constituted the United States' first major contribution to the war effort in World War I?

a) Providing relief to the Allies' military forces at the Western Front

b) Blockading enemy ports and harbors to limit their military strength

c) Sending troops to the Eastern Front to strengthen the fight against Russia

d) Using armed convoys to secure Allied shipping against submarine attacks

d) Using armed convoys to secure Allied shipping against submarine attacks

Which of the following was true of race relations during World War I?

a) African Americans were often given hazardous military jobs, such as scouts and snipers.

b) Native Americans were not allowed into combat during the war in Europe.

c) Blacks and whites were kept separate, eliminating racial violence in the army during the war.

d) Almost 25 percent of the adult male Native American population served in World War I.

d) Almost 25 percent of the adult male Native American population served in World War I.

The War Industries Board was responsible for...

ordering factories to convert to wartime production

How did the United States curb dissent against World War I on the home front?

the Committee on Public Information produced government propaganda to support the war

Which of the following developments was a lasting legacy of America's participation in World War I?

women's suffrage

US involvement: Philippines

Philippine-American War (1899-1902)

-ended in American occupation of the Philippines

US involvement: Hawaii

causes:

-American sugar farmers wanted to lower sugar tariffs

-naval base (Pearl Harbor)

US involvement: Cuba

causes:

-yellow journalism

-lots of money invested in sugar and industry

US involvement: Puerto Rico

Puerto Rican Campaign:

-1898

-American military sea and land occupation of Puerto Rico

US involvement: Panama

helped them revolt and gain freedom in exchange for the Panama Canal

Open Door Policy: countries involved

-US

-France

-Germany

-Britain

-Italy

-Japan

-Russia

Open Door Policy: true purpose behind US creating this policy

-stated purpose: all nations, including the United States, could enjoy equal access to the Chinese market

-true purpose: US needed a way to enter the Asian markets

Teller Amendment

-1898

-added to the bill declaring war on Spain

Teller Amendment: countries affected

-US

-Cuba

-Spain (indirectly)

Teller Amendment: key aspects

-Cuba will be independent

-gained support for Spanish-American War

-made intentions clear to Spain

Platt Amendment

made Cuba independent, but still had to approve things with the US

Platt Amendment: countries affected

-Cuba

-US

Platt Amendment: key aspects

-Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or other compact with any foreign power which will impair the independence of Cuba

-the government shall not assume or contract any public debt

-the government consents that the US may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence

-all Acts of the US in Cuba during its military occupancy thereof are validated, and all lawful rights acquired shall be maintained and protected

-the government of Cuba will execute the plans already devised for the sanitation of the cities of the island, to the end that a recurrence of epidemic and infectious diseases may be prevented

-the Isle of Pines shall be omitted from Cuba

-to enable the US to maintain the independence of Cuba and to protect the people, the government of Cuba will sell or lease to the United States lands necessary for coaling or naval stations

-Cuba will embody these provisions in a permanent treaty with the US

expansionist philosophy: where did this originate from? (rationalization)

-white man's burden

-US needed to spread freedom and democracy for the good of the rest of the world

How did the US get permission to build the Panama Canal?

-tried to bribe Columbia, but they refused

-promised Panamanians we'd help with their revolt for rights to the canal

Why/How did the US get involved in Mexico?

-we had so much money invested, we wanted someone pro-US leading the country (not Huerta)

Ypiranga incident:

-a German merchant ship contained illegal firepower for Huerta

-Wilson ordered American troops to the port of Veracruz to stop the ship from docking

-skirmished with Huerta's troops

-ship docked somewhere else which angered Wilson

-American troops left Mexico, but the incident added to already tense Mexican-American relations

Wilson's policy towards Mexico

aggressive moral diplomacy

How did the US gain control of Hawaii?

-1893

-overthrown when a group of businessmen and sugar planters forced Queen Liliuokalani to abdicate

-coup led to the dissolving of the Kingdom of Hawaii two years later, its annexation as a U.S. territory and eventual admission as the 50th state in the union.