Pancreas General Procedures 1

which organs are the superior and lateral borders of the pancreas?

duodenum, stomach, transverse colon

what are the pancreas divisions (5)?

uncinate process, head, neck, body, tail

what is the most inferior part of the pancreas?

head

what is a normal size measurement for the pancreas head?

less than 3 cm

what is the head of the pancreas anterior to?

IVC

what is the average length of the pancreas?

15 cm

what is the largest section of the pancreas?

body

what section of the pancreas is anterior to the left kidney?

tail

which is the primary duct of the pancreas?

duct of Wirsung

how wide should the duct of Wirsung measure?

less than 2 mm

what is the accessory duct of the pancreas?

duct of Santorini

how much should the neck measure?

less than 2.5 cm

how much should the body measure?

less than 2.5 cm

how much should the tail measure?

less than 2 cm

what gives rise to the gastroduodenal artery?

common hepatic artery

what make up the “snake eyes” in the head of the pancreas?

common bile duct, gastroduodenal artery

what type of gland is the pancreas?

endocrine and exocrine

what cells carry out the exocrine functions of the pancreas?

acini cells

what cells carry out the endocrine functions of the pancreas?

islets of langerhans

what do the alpha cells produce?

glucagon

what do the beta cells produce?

insulin

what do the delta cells produce?

somatostatin

which cells are most abundant in the endocrine portion of the pancreas?

beta cells

what enzymes are in pancreatic juice?

amylase, lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, nuclease

where is the pancreatic juice secreted into?

duodenum

which lab values increase in acute pancreatitis?

amylase and lipase

what remains elevated longer in pancreatic disease?

lipase

what values increase in pancreatic carcinoma?

lipase

what does insulin signal the body to do?

glucose to glycogen

what does glucagon signal the body to do?

glycogen to glucose

what does somatostatin signal the body to do?

inhibits hormones

what is the pancreas in longitudinal view?

transverse

what is the pancreas in transverse view?

longitudinal

what are the variations in the pancreas shape?

horseshoe, sigmoid, dumbbell, inverted v, l shaped

what are the lateral borders of the pancreas?

C loop and splenic hilum

where does the head of the pancreas lie?

C loop of duodenum

what is the superior border of the body and tail of pancreas?

splenic artery

what is the posteromedial border of the head of the pancreas?

splenic vein

where does the duct of Wirsung connect with the common bile duct?

ampulla of Vater

what does the duct of Santorini drain?

head

what supplies the pancreas with blood?

pancreaticoduodenal artery

splenic artery

what are the four branches of the splenic artery that supply the pancreas?

suprapancreatic, pancreatic, prepancreatic, prehilar

pancreatic anomalies

agenesis, divisum, ectopic, annular

what percentage of pancreatic function is endocrine?

2%

is the SMA anterior or posterior to the body?

posterior

what relaxes to release pancreatic juice and bile to enter into the duodenum?

sphincter of Oddi

what is the anterolateral border of the pancreatic head?

gastroduodenal artery

what is the posterolateral border of the pancreatic head?

common bile duct

where does the SMV lie in regards to the neck/body?

posterior

where does the SMV lie in regards to the uncinate process?

anterior

what is the body anterior to?

aorta, IVC, SMA, SMV

what branch of the splenic artery supplies the tail (and what branch does it come off of)?

caudal pancreatic artery, prepancreatic/prehilar

what branch of the splenic artery supplies the body (and where does it come off of)?

dorsal pancreatic artery, suprapancreatic

junction of the splenic and main portal vein, posterior border of the pancreas body

portal-splenic confluence